Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | pə̑l-kaβam | om pə̑l-kaβa |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβat | ot pə̑l-kaβa |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaš | ok/ogeš pə̑l-kaβa |
| 1PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na pə̑l-kaβa |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da pə̑l-kaβa |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑t | ogə̑t pə̑l-kaβa |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑m | šə̑m pə̑l-kaβa |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ pə̑l-kaβa |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaje | ə̑š pə̑l-kaβa |
| 1PL: | pə̑l-kaβana | ə̑šna pə̑l-kaβa |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβada | ə̑šda pə̑l-kaβa |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑č́ | ə̑št pə̑l-kaβa |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nam | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nat | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nna | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nda | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nə̑t | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | pə̑l-kaβam ə̑l'e | om pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβat ə̑l'e | ot pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | pə̑l-kaβam ulmaš | om pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβat ulmaš | ot pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nam ə̑l'e | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nat ə̑l'e | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n ə̑l'e | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nna ə̑l'e | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nda ə̑l'e | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nam ulmaš | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nat ulmaš | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n ulmaš | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nna ulmaš | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nda ulmaš | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβa | it pə̑l-kaβa |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaže | ə̑nže pə̑l-kaβa |
| 1PL: | (pə̑l-kaβaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na pə̑l-kaβa) |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaza | ida pə̑l-kaβa |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβašt | ə̑nə̑št pə̑l-kaβa |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | pə̑l-kaβanem | ə̑nem pə̑l-kaβa |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβanet | ə̑net pə̑l-kaβa |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaneže | ə̑než pə̑l-kaβa |
| 1PL: | pə̑l-kaβanena | ə̑nena pə̑l-kaβa |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaneda | ə̑neda pə̑l-kaβa |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβanešt | ə̑nešt pə̑l-kaβa |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | pə̑l-kaβanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | pə̑l-kaβanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt pə̑l-kaβa ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | pə̑l-kaβanet ulmaš | ə̑net pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | pə̑l-kaβaneže ulmaš | ə̑než pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | pə̑l-kaβaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | pə̑l-kaβanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt pə̑l-kaβa ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | pə̑l-kaβaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | pə̑l-kaβaman |
| Active participle: | pə̑l-kaβaše |
| Passive participle: | pə̑l-kaβame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | pə̑l-kaβašaš |
| Negative participle: | pə̑l-kaβadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | pə̑l-kaβaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | pə̑l-kaβade |
| Gerund of prior action: | pə̑l-kaβamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | pə̑l-kaβameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | pə̑l-kaβašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | pə̑l-kaβamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | pə̑l-kaβadə̑maš |
