Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | rugam | om ruga |
| 2SG: | rugat | ot ruga |
| 3SG: | rugaš | ok/ogeš ruga |
| 1PL: | rugaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na ruga |
| 2PL: | rugaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da ruga |
| 3PL: | rugaə̑t | ogə̑t ruga |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | rugaə̑m | šə̑m ruga |
| 2SG: | rugaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ ruga |
| 3SG: | rugaje | ə̑š ruga |
| 1PL: | rugana | ə̑šna ruga |
| 2PL: | rugada | ə̑šda ruga |
| 3PL: | rugaə̑č́ | ə̑št ruga |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | rugaə̑nam | rugaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | rugaə̑nat | rugaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | rugaə̑n | rugaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | rugaə̑nna | rugaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | rugaə̑nda | rugaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | rugaə̑nə̑t | rugaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | rugam ə̑l'e | om ruga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | rugat ə̑l'e | ot ruga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | rugaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš ruga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | rugaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na ruga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | rugaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da ruga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | rugaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t ruga ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | rugam ulmaš | om ruga ulmaš |
| 2SG: | rugat ulmaš | ot ruga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | rugaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš ruga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | rugaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na ruga ulmaš |
| 2PL: | rugaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da ruga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | rugaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t ruga ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | rugaə̑nam ə̑l'e | rugaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | rugaə̑nat ə̑l'e | rugaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | rugaə̑n ə̑l'e | rugaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | rugaə̑nna ə̑l'e | rugaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | rugaə̑nda ə̑l'e | rugaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | rugaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | rugaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | rugaə̑nam ulmaš | rugaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | rugaə̑nat ulmaš | rugaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | rugaə̑n ulmaš | rugaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | rugaə̑nna ulmaš | rugaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | rugaə̑nda ulmaš | rugaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | rugaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | rugaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruga | it ruga |
| 3SG: | rugaže | ə̑nže ruga |
| 1PL: | (rugaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na ruga) |
| 2PL: | rugaza | ida ruga |
| 3PL: | rugašt | ə̑nə̑št ruga |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ruganem | ə̑nem ruga |
| 2SG: | ruganet | ə̑net ruga |
| 3SG: | ruganeže | ə̑než ruga |
| 1PL: | ruganena | ə̑nena ruga |
| 2PL: | ruganeda | ə̑neda ruga |
| 3PL: | ruganešt | ə̑nešt ruga |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ruganem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem ruga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ruganena ə̑l'e | ə̑net ruga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ruganeže ə̑l'e | ə̑než ruga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ruganena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena ruga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ruganeda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda ruga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ruganešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt ruga ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruganet ulmaš | ə̑net ruga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ruganeže ulmaš | ə̑než ruga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ruganeda ulmaš | ə̑neda ruga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ruganešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt ruga ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | rugaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | rugaman |
| Active participle: | rugaše |
| Passive participle: | rugame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | rugašaš |
| Negative participle: | rugadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | rugaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | rugade |
| Gerund of prior action: | rugamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | rugameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | rugašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | rugamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | rugadə̑maš |
