Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sadam | om sad |
| 2SG: | sadat | ot sad |
| 3SG: | sadeš | ok/ogeš sad |
| 1PL: | sadə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sad |
| 2PL: | sadə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sad |
| 3PL: | sadə̑t | ogə̑t sad |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sadə̑m | šə̑m sad |
| 2SG: | sadə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sad |
| 3SG: | sade | ə̑š sad |
| 1PL: | sadna | ə̑šna sad |
| 2PL: | sadda | ə̑šda sad |
| 3PL: | sadə̑č́ | ə̑št sad |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sadə̑nam | sadə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sadə̑nat | sadə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sadə̑n | sadə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sadə̑nna | sadə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sadə̑nda | sadə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sadə̑nə̑t | sadə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sadam ə̑l'e | om sad ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sadat ə̑l'e | ot sad ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sadeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sad ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sadə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sad ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sadə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sad ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sadə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sad ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sadam ulmaš | om sad ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sadat ulmaš | ot sad ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sadeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sad ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sadə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sad ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sadə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sad ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sadə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sad ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sadə̑nam ə̑l'e | sadə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sadə̑nat ə̑l'e | sadə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sadə̑n ə̑l'e | sadə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sadə̑nna ə̑l'e | sadə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sadə̑nda ə̑l'e | sadə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sadə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sadə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sadə̑nam ulmaš | sadə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sadə̑nat ulmaš | sadə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sadə̑n ulmaš | sadə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sadə̑nna ulmaš | sadə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sadə̑nda ulmaš | sadə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sadə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sadə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sad | it sad |
| 3SG: | sadše | ə̑nže sad |
| 1PL: | (sadə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sad) |
| 2PL: | sadsa | ida sad |
| 3PL: | sadə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sad |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sadnem | ə̑nem sad |
| 2SG: | sadnet | ə̑net sad |
| 3SG: | sadneže | ə̑než sad |
| 1PL: | sadnena | ə̑nena sad |
| 2PL: | sadneda | ə̑neda sad |
| 3PL: | sadnešt | ə̑nešt sad |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sadnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sad ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sadnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sad ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sadneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sad ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sadnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sad ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sadneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sad ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sadnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sad ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sadnet ulmaš | ə̑net sad ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sadneže ulmaš | ə̑než sad ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sadneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sad ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sadnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sad ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sadaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sadman |
| Active participle: | sadše |
| Passive participle: | sadme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sadšaš |
| Negative participle: | saddə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sadə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | sadde |
| Gerund of prior action: | sadmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sadmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sadšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sadmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | saddə̑maš |
