Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sakam | om saka |
| 2SG: | sakat | ot saka |
| 3SG: | sakaš | ok/ogeš saka |
| 1PL: | sakaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na saka |
| 2PL: | sakaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da saka |
| 3PL: | sakaə̑t | ogə̑t saka |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sakaə̑m | šə̑m saka |
| 2SG: | sakaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ saka |
| 3SG: | sakaje | ə̑š saka |
| 1PL: | sakana | ə̑šna saka |
| 2PL: | sakada | ə̑šda saka |
| 3PL: | sakaə̑č́ | ə̑št saka |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sakaə̑nam | sakaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sakaə̑nat | sakaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sakaə̑n | sakaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sakaə̑nna | sakaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sakaə̑nda | sakaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sakaə̑nə̑t | sakaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sakam ə̑l'e | om saka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sakat ə̑l'e | ot saka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sakaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš saka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sakaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na saka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sakaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da saka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sakaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t saka ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sakam ulmaš | om saka ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sakat ulmaš | ot saka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sakaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš saka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sakaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na saka ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sakaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da saka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sakaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t saka ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sakaə̑nam ə̑l'e | sakaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sakaə̑nat ə̑l'e | sakaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sakaə̑n ə̑l'e | sakaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sakaə̑nna ə̑l'e | sakaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sakaə̑nda ə̑l'e | sakaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sakaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sakaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sakaə̑nam ulmaš | sakaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sakaə̑nat ulmaš | sakaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sakaə̑n ulmaš | sakaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sakaə̑nna ulmaš | sakaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sakaə̑nda ulmaš | sakaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sakaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sakaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | saka | it saka |
| 3SG: | sakaže | ə̑nže saka |
| 1PL: | (sakaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na saka) |
| 2PL: | sakaza | ida saka |
| 3PL: | sakašt | ə̑nə̑št saka |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sakanem | ə̑nem saka |
| 2SG: | sakanet | ə̑net saka |
| 3SG: | sakaneže | ə̑než saka |
| 1PL: | sakanena | ə̑nena saka |
| 2PL: | sakaneda | ə̑neda saka |
| 3PL: | sakanešt | ə̑nešt saka |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sakanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem saka ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sakanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net saka ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sakaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než saka ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sakanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena saka ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sakaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda saka ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sakanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt saka ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sakanet ulmaš | ə̑net saka ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sakaneže ulmaš | ə̑než saka ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sakaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda saka ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sakanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt saka ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sakaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sakaman |
| Active participle: | sakaše |
| Passive participle: | sakame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sakašaš |
| Negative participle: | sakadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sakaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | sakade |
| Gerund of prior action: | sakamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sakameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sakašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sakamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | sakadə̑maš |
