Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapijanam | om sapijan |
| 2SG: | sapijanat | ot sapijan |
| 3SG: | sapijaneš | ok/ogeš sapijan |
| 1PL: | sapijanə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sapijan |
| 2PL: | sapijanə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sapijan |
| 3PL: | sapijanə̑t | ogə̑t sapijan |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapijańə̑m | šə̑m sapijan |
| 2SG: | sapijańə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sapijan |
| 3SG: | sapijańe | ə̑š sapijan |
| 1PL: | sapijanna | ə̑šna sapijan |
| 2PL: | sapijanda | ə̑šda sapijan |
| 3PL: | sapijańə̑č́ | ə̑št sapijan |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapijanə̑nam | sapijanə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapijanə̑nat | sapijanə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapijanə̑n | sapijanə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapijanə̑nna | sapijanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sapijanə̑nda | sapijanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sapijanə̑nə̑t | sapijanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapijanam ə̑l'e | om sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapijanat ə̑l'e | ot sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapijaneš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapijanə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapijanə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapijanə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sapijan ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapijanam ulmaš | om sapijan ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapijanat ulmaš | ot sapijan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapijaneš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sapijan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapijanə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sapijan ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapijanə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sapijan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapijanə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sapijan ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapijanə̑nam ə̑l'e | sapijanə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapijanə̑nat ə̑l'e | sapijanə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapijanə̑n ə̑l'e | sapijanə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapijanə̑nna ə̑l'e | sapijanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapijanə̑nda ə̑l'e | sapijanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapijanə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sapijanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapijanə̑nam ulmaš | sapijanə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapijanə̑nat ulmaš | sapijanə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapijanə̑n ulmaš | sapijanə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapijanə̑nna ulmaš | sapijanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapijanə̑nda ulmaš | sapijanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapijanə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sapijanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapijan | it sapijan |
| 3SG: | sapijanže | ə̑nže sapijan |
| 1PL: | (sapijanə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sapijan) |
| 2PL: | sapijanza | ida sapijan |
| 3PL: | sapijanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sapijan |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapijannem | ə̑nem sapijan |
| 2SG: | sapijannet | ə̑net sapijan |
| 3SG: | sapijanneže | ə̑než sapijan |
| 1PL: | sapijannena | ə̑nena sapijan |
| 2PL: | sapijanneda | ə̑neda sapijan |
| 3PL: | sapijannešt | ə̑nešt sapijan |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapijannem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapijannena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapijanneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapijannena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapijanneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sapijan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapijannešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sapijan ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapijannet ulmaš | ə̑net sapijan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapijanneže ulmaš | ə̑než sapijan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sapijanneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sapijan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapijannešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sapijan ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sapijanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sapijanman |
| Active participle: | sapijanše |
| Passive participle: | sapijanme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sapijanšaš |
| Negative participle: | sapijandə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sapijanə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | sapijande |
| Gerund of prior action: | sapijanmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sapijanmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sapijanšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sapijanmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | sapijandə̑maš |
