Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkə̑lam | om sapkə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑lat | ot sapkə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑leš | ok/ogeš sapkə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapkə̑lə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sapkə̑l |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sapkə̑l |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lə̑t | ogə̑t sapkə̑l |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkə̑l'ə̑m | šə̑m sapkə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑l'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sapkə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑l'e | ə̑š sapkə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapkə̑lna | ə̑šna sapkə̑l |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lda | ə̑šda sapkə̑l |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑l'ə̑č́ | ə̑št sapkə̑l |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkə̑lə̑nam | sapkə̑lə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑lə̑nat | sapkə̑lə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑lə̑n | sapkə̑lə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapkə̑lə̑nna | sapkə̑lə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lə̑nda | sapkə̑lə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lə̑nə̑t | sapkə̑lə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkə̑lam ə̑l'e | om sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑lat ə̑l'e | ot sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑leš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapkə̑lə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkə̑lam ulmaš | om sapkə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑lat ulmaš | ot sapkə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑leš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sapkə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapkə̑lə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sapkə̑l ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sapkə̑l ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sapkə̑l ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkə̑lə̑nam ə̑l'e | sapkə̑lə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑lə̑nat ə̑l'e | sapkə̑lə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑lə̑n ə̑l'e | sapkə̑lə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapkə̑lə̑nna ə̑l'e | sapkə̑lə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lə̑nda ə̑l'e | sapkə̑lə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sapkə̑lə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkə̑lə̑nam ulmaš | sapkə̑lə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑lə̑nat ulmaš | sapkə̑lə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑lə̑n ulmaš | sapkə̑lə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapkə̑lə̑nna ulmaš | sapkə̑lə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lə̑nda ulmaš | sapkə̑lə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sapkə̑lə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑l | it sapkə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑lže | ə̑nže sapkə̑l |
| 1PL: | (sapkə̑lə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sapkə̑l) |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lza | ida sapkə̑l |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sapkə̑l |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkə̑lnem | ə̑nem sapkə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑lnet | ə̑net sapkə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑lneže | ə̑než sapkə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapkə̑lnena | ə̑nena sapkə̑l |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lneda | ə̑neda sapkə̑l |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lnešt | ə̑nešt sapkə̑l |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapkə̑lnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑lnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑lneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapkə̑lnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sapkə̑l ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapkə̑lnet ulmaš | ə̑net sapkə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapkə̑lneže ulmaš | ə̑než sapkə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sapkə̑lneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sapkə̑l ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapkə̑lnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sapkə̑l ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sapkə̑laš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sapkə̑lman |
| Active participle: | sapkə̑lše |
| Passive participle: | sapkə̑lme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sapkə̑lšaš |
| Negative participle: | sapkə̑ldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sapkə̑lə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | sapkə̑lde |
| Gerund of prior action: | sapkə̑lmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sapkə̑lmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sapkə̑lšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sapkə̑lmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | sapkə̑ldə̑maš |
