Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapondaβam | om sapondaβa |
| 2SG: | sapondaβat | ot sapondaβa |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaš | ok/ogeš sapondaβa |
| 1PL: | sapondaβaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sapondaβa |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sapondaβa |
| 3PL: | sapondaβaə̑t | ogə̑t sapondaβa |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapondaβaə̑m | šə̑m sapondaβa |
| 2SG: | sapondaβaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sapondaβa |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaje | ə̑š sapondaβa |
| 1PL: | sapondaβana | ə̑šna sapondaβa |
| 2PL: | sapondaβada | ə̑šda sapondaβa |
| 3PL: | sapondaβaə̑č́ | ə̑št sapondaβa |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapondaβaə̑nam | sapondaβaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapondaβaə̑nat | sapondaβaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaə̑n | sapondaβaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapondaβaə̑nna | sapondaβaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaə̑nda | sapondaβaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sapondaβaə̑nə̑t | sapondaβaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapondaβam ə̑l'e | om sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapondaβat ə̑l'e | ot sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapondaβaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapondaβaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapondaβam ulmaš | om sapondaβa ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapondaβat ulmaš | ot sapondaβa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sapondaβa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapondaβaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sapondaβa ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sapondaβa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapondaβaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sapondaβa ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapondaβaə̑nam ə̑l'e | sapondaβaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapondaβaə̑nat ə̑l'e | sapondaβaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaə̑n ə̑l'e | sapondaβaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapondaβaə̑nna ə̑l'e | sapondaβaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaə̑nda ə̑l'e | sapondaβaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapondaβaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sapondaβaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapondaβaə̑nam ulmaš | sapondaβaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapondaβaə̑nat ulmaš | sapondaβaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaə̑n ulmaš | sapondaβaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapondaβaə̑nna ulmaš | sapondaβaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaə̑nda ulmaš | sapondaβaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapondaβaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sapondaβaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapondaβa | it sapondaβa |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaže | ə̑nže sapondaβa |
| 1PL: | (sapondaβaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sapondaβa) |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaza | ida sapondaβa |
| 3PL: | sapondaβašt | ə̑nə̑št sapondaβa |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapondaβanem | ə̑nem sapondaβa |
| 2SG: | sapondaβanet | ə̑net sapondaβa |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaneže | ə̑než sapondaβa |
| 1PL: | sapondaβanena | ə̑nena sapondaβa |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaneda | ə̑neda sapondaβa |
| 3PL: | sapondaβanešt | ə̑nešt sapondaβa |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapondaβanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapondaβanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapondaβanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapondaβanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sapondaβa ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapondaβanet ulmaš | ə̑net sapondaβa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapondaβaneže ulmaš | ə̑než sapondaβa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sapondaβaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sapondaβa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapondaβanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sapondaβa ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sapondaβaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sapondaβaman |
| Active participle: | sapondaβaše |
| Passive participle: | sapondaβame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sapondaβašaš |
| Negative participle: | sapondaβadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sapondaβaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | sapondaβade |
| Gerund of prior action: | sapondaβamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sapondaβameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sapondaβašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sapondaβamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | sapondaβadə̑maš |
