Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapfiram | om sapfir |
| 2SG: | sapfirat | ot sapfir |
| 3SG: | sapfireš | ok/ogeš sapfir |
| 1PL: | sapfirə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sapfir |
| 2PL: | sapfirə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sapfir |
| 3PL: | sapfirə̑t | ogə̑t sapfir |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapfirə̑m | šə̑m sapfir |
| 2SG: | sapfirə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sapfir |
| 3SG: | sapfire | ə̑š sapfir |
| 1PL: | sapfirna | ə̑šna sapfir |
| 2PL: | sapfirda | ə̑šda sapfir |
| 3PL: | sapfirə̑č́ | ə̑št sapfir |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapfirə̑nam | sapfirə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapfirə̑nat | sapfirə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapfirə̑n | sapfirə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapfirə̑nna | sapfirə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sapfirə̑nda | sapfirə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sapfirə̑nə̑t | sapfirə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapfiram ə̑l'e | om sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapfirat ə̑l'e | ot sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapfireš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapfirə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapfirə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapfirə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sapfir ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapfiram ulmaš | om sapfir ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapfirat ulmaš | ot sapfir ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapfireš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sapfir ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapfirə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sapfir ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapfirə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sapfir ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapfirə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sapfir ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapfirə̑nam ə̑l'e | sapfirə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapfirə̑nat ə̑l'e | sapfirə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapfirə̑n ə̑l'e | sapfirə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapfirə̑nna ə̑l'e | sapfirə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapfirə̑nda ə̑l'e | sapfirə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapfirə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sapfirə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapfirə̑nam ulmaš | sapfirə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapfirə̑nat ulmaš | sapfirə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapfirə̑n ulmaš | sapfirə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapfirə̑nna ulmaš | sapfirə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapfirə̑nda ulmaš | sapfirə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapfirə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sapfirə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapfir | it sapfir |
| 3SG: | sapfirže | ə̑nže sapfir |
| 1PL: | (sapfirə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sapfir) |
| 2PL: | sapfirza | ida sapfir |
| 3PL: | sapfirə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sapfir |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapfirnem | ə̑nem sapfir |
| 2SG: | sapfirnet | ə̑net sapfir |
| 3SG: | sapfirneže | ə̑než sapfir |
| 1PL: | sapfirnena | ə̑nena sapfir |
| 2PL: | sapfirneda | ə̑neda sapfir |
| 3PL: | sapfirnešt | ə̑nešt sapfir |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sapfirnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapfirnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapfirneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapfirnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapfirneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sapfir ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapfirnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sapfir ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapfirnet ulmaš | ə̑net sapfir ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapfirneže ulmaš | ə̑než sapfir ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sapfirneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sapfir ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapfirnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sapfir ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sapfiraš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sapfirman |
| Active participle: | sapfirše |
| Passive participle: | sapfirme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sapfiršaš |
| Negative participle: | sapfirdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sapfirə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | sapfirde |
| Gerund of prior action: | sapfirmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sapfirmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sapfiršə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sapfirmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | sapfirdə̑maš |
