Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saṕoram | om saṕor |
| 2SG: | saṕorat | ot saṕor |
| 3SG: | saṕoreš | ok/ogeš saṕor |
| 1PL: | saṕorə̑na | ona/ogə̑na saṕor |
| 2PL: | saṕorə̑da | oda/ogə̑da saṕor |
| 3PL: | saṕorə̑t | ogə̑t saṕor |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saṕorə̑m | šə̑m saṕor |
| 2SG: | saṕorə̑č́ | šə̑č́ saṕor |
| 3SG: | saṕoro | ə̑š saṕor |
| 1PL: | saṕorna | ə̑šna saṕor |
| 2PL: | saṕorda | ə̑šda saṕor |
| 3PL: | saṕorə̑č́ | ə̑št saṕor |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saṕorə̑nam | saṕorə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | saṕorə̑nat | saṕorə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | saṕorə̑n | saṕorə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | saṕorə̑nna | saṕorə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | saṕorə̑nda | saṕorə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | saṕorə̑nə̑t | saṕorə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saṕoram ə̑l'e | om saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | saṕorat ə̑l'e | ot saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | saṕoreš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | saṕorə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | saṕorə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | saṕorə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t saṕor ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saṕoram ulmaš | om saṕor ulmaš |
| 2SG: | saṕorat ulmaš | ot saṕor ulmaš |
| 3SG: | saṕoreš ulmaš | ok/ogeš saṕor ulmaš |
| 1PL: | saṕorə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na saṕor ulmaš |
| 2PL: | saṕorə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da saṕor ulmaš |
| 3PL: | saṕorə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t saṕor ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saṕorə̑nam ə̑l'e | saṕorə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | saṕorə̑nat ə̑l'e | saṕorə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | saṕorə̑n ə̑l'e | saṕorə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | saṕorə̑nna ə̑l'e | saṕorə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | saṕorə̑nda ə̑l'e | saṕorə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | saṕorə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | saṕorə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saṕorə̑nam ulmaš | saṕorə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | saṕorə̑nat ulmaš | saṕorə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | saṕorə̑n ulmaš | saṕorə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | saṕorə̑nna ulmaš | saṕorə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | saṕorə̑nda ulmaš | saṕorə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | saṕorə̑nə̑t ulmaš | saṕorə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | saṕor | it saṕor |
| 3SG: | saṕoržo | ə̑nže saṕor |
| 1PL: | (saṕorə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na saṕor) |
| 2PL: | saṕorza | ida saṕor |
| 3PL: | saṕorə̑št | ə̑nə̑št saṕor |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saṕornem | ə̑nem saṕor |
| 2SG: | saṕornet | ə̑net saṕor |
| 3SG: | saṕorneže | ə̑než saṕor |
| 1PL: | saṕornena | ə̑nena saṕor |
| 2PL: | saṕorneda | ə̑neda saṕor |
| 3PL: | saṕornešt | ə̑nešt saṕor |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saṕornem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | saṕornena ə̑l'e | ə̑net saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | saṕorneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | saṕornena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | saṕorneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda saṕor ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | saṕornešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt saṕor ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | saṕornet ulmaš | ə̑net saṕor ulmaš |
| 3SG: | saṕorneže ulmaš | ə̑než saṕor ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | saṕorneda ulmaš | ə̑neda saṕor ulmaš |
| 3PL: | saṕornešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt saṕor ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | saṕoraš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | saṕorman |
| Active participle: | saṕoršo |
| Passive participle: | saṕormo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | saṕoršaš |
| Negative participle: | saṕordə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | saṕorə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | saṕorde |
| Gerund of prior action: | saṕormek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | saṕormeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | saṕoršə̑la |
| Nominalization: | saṕormaš |
| Negative nominalization: | saṕordə̑maš |
