Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sardinem | om sardine |
| 2SG: | sardinet | ot sardine |
| 3SG: | sardina | ok/ogeʃ sardine |
| 1PL: | sardinena | ona/ogəna sardine |
| 2PL: | sardineda | oda/ogəda sardine |
| 3PL: | sardinat | ogət sardine |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sardinəʃəm | ʃəm sardine |
| 2SG: | sardinəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ sardine |
| 3SG: | sardinəʃ | əʃ sardine |
| 1PL: | sardinəʃna | əʃna sardine |
| 2PL: | sardinəʃda | əʃda sardine |
| 3PL: | sardinəʃt | əʃt sardine |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sardinenam | sardinen oməl |
| 2SG: | sardinenat | sardinen otəl |
| 3SG: | sardinen | sardinen ogəl |
| 1PL: | sardinenːa | sardinen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | sardinenda | sardinen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | sardinenət | sardinen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sardinem əʎe | om sardine əʎe |
| 2SG: | sardinet əʎe | ot sardine əʎe |
| 3SG: | sardina əʎe | ok/ogeʃ sardine əʎe |
| 1PL: | sardinena əʎe | ona/ogəna sardine əʎe |
| 2PL: | sardineda əʎe | oda/ogəda sardine əʎe |
| 3PL: | sardinat əʎe | ogət sardine əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sardinem ulmaʃ | om sardine ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | sardinet ulmaʃ | ot sardine ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | sardina ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ sardine ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | sardinena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna sardine ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | sardineda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda sardine ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | sardinat ulmaʃ | ogət sardine ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sardinenam əʎe | sardinen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | sardinenat əʎe | sardinen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | sardinen əʎe | sardinen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | sardinenːa əʎe | sardinen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | sardinenda əʎe | sardinen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | sardinen əʎe | sardinen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sardinenam ulmaʃ | sardinen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | sardinenat ulmaʃ | sardinen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | sardinen ulmaʃ | sardinen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | sardinenːa ulmaʃ | sardinen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | sardinenda ulmaʃ | sardinen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | sardinen ulmaʃ | sardinen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sardine | it sardine |
| 3SG: | sardinəʒe | ənʒe sardine |
| 1PL: | (sardinena) | (ona/ogəna sardine) |
| 2PL: | sardinəza | ida sardine |
| 3PL: | sardinəʃt | ənəʃt sardine |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sardinənem | ənem sardine |
| 2SG: | sardinənet | ənet sardine |
| 3SG: | sardinəneʒe | əneʒ sardine |
| 1PL: | sardinənena | ənena sardine |
| 2PL: | sardinəneda | əneda sardine |
| 3PL: | sardinəneʃt | əneʃt sardine |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sardinənem əʎe | ənem sardine əʎe |
| 2SG: | sardinənena əʎe | ənet sardine əʎe |
| 3SG: | sardinəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ sardine əʎe |
| 1PL: | sardinənena əʎe | ənena sardine əʎe |
| 2PL: | sardinəneda əʎe | əneda sardine əʎe |
| 3PL: | sardinəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt sardine əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sardinənet ulmaʃ | ənet sardine ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | sardinəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ sardine ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sardinəneda ulmaʃ | əneda sardine ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | sardinəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt sardine ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sardinaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sardinəman |
| Active participle: | sardinəʃe |
| Passive participle: | sardinəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sardinəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | sardinədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sardinen |
| Negative gerund: | sardinəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | sardinəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sardinəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sardinəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | sardinəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | sardinədəmaʃ |
