Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaluam | om saŋgalu |
| 2SG: | saŋgaluat | ot saŋgalu |
| 3SG: | saŋgalueš | ok/ogeš saŋgalu |
| 1PL: | saŋgaluə̑na | ona/ogə̑na saŋgalu |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluə̑da | oda/ogə̑da saŋgalu |
| 3PL: | saŋgaluə̑t | ogə̑t saŋgalu |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaluə̑m | šə̑m saŋgalu |
| 2SG: | saŋgaluə̑č́ | šə̑č́ saŋgalu |
| 3SG: | saŋgaluo | ə̑š saŋgalu |
| 1PL: | saŋgaluna | ə̑šna saŋgalu |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluda | ə̑šda saŋgalu |
| 3PL: | saŋgaluə̑č́ | ə̑št saŋgalu |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaluə̑nam | saŋgaluə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | saŋgaluə̑nat | saŋgaluə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | saŋgaluə̑n | saŋgaluə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | saŋgaluə̑nna | saŋgaluə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluə̑nda | saŋgaluə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | saŋgaluə̑nə̑t | saŋgaluə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaluam ə̑l'e | om saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | saŋgaluat ə̑l'e | ot saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | saŋgalueš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | saŋgaluə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | saŋgaluə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaluam ulmaš | om saŋgalu ulmaš |
| 2SG: | saŋgaluat ulmaš | ot saŋgalu ulmaš |
| 3SG: | saŋgalueš ulmaš | ok/ogeš saŋgalu ulmaš |
| 1PL: | saŋgaluə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na saŋgalu ulmaš |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da saŋgalu ulmaš |
| 3PL: | saŋgaluə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t saŋgalu ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaluə̑nam ə̑l'e | saŋgaluə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | saŋgaluə̑nat ə̑l'e | saŋgaluə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | saŋgaluə̑n ə̑l'e | saŋgaluə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | saŋgaluə̑nna ə̑l'e | saŋgaluə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluə̑nda ə̑l'e | saŋgaluə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | saŋgaluə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | saŋgaluə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaluə̑nam ulmaš | saŋgaluə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | saŋgaluə̑nat ulmaš | saŋgaluə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | saŋgaluə̑n ulmaš | saŋgaluə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | saŋgaluə̑nna ulmaš | saŋgaluə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluə̑nda ulmaš | saŋgaluə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | saŋgaluə̑nə̑t ulmaš | saŋgaluə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | saŋgalu | it saŋgalu |
| 3SG: | saŋgalužo | ə̑nže saŋgalu |
| 1PL: | (saŋgaluə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na saŋgalu) |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluza | ida saŋgalu |
| 3PL: | saŋgalušt | ə̑nə̑št saŋgalu |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgalunem | ə̑nem saŋgalu |
| 2SG: | saŋgalunet | ə̑net saŋgalu |
| 3SG: | saŋgaluneže | ə̑než saŋgalu |
| 1PL: | saŋgalunena | ə̑nena saŋgalu |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluneda | ə̑neda saŋgalu |
| 3PL: | saŋgalunešt | ə̑nešt saŋgalu |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgalunem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | saŋgalunena ə̑l'e | ə̑net saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | saŋgaluneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | saŋgalunena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | saŋgalunešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt saŋgalu ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | saŋgalunet ulmaš | ə̑net saŋgalu ulmaš |
| 3SG: | saŋgaluneže ulmaš | ə̑než saŋgalu ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | saŋgaluneda ulmaš | ə̑neda saŋgalu ulmaš |
| 3PL: | saŋgalunešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt saŋgalu ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | saŋgaluaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | saŋgaluman |
| Active participle: | saŋgalušo |
| Passive participle: | saŋgalumo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | saŋgalušaš |
| Negative participle: | saŋgaludə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | saŋgaluə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | saŋgalude |
| Gerund of prior action: | saŋgalumek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | saŋgalumeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | saŋgalušə̑la |
| Nominalization: | saŋgalumaš |
| Negative nominalization: | saŋgaludə̑maš |
