Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | skifam | om skif |
| 2SG: | skifat | ot skif |
| 3SG: | skifeš | ok/ogeš skif |
| 1PL: | skifə̑na | ona/ogə̑na skif |
| 2PL: | skifə̑da | oda/ogə̑da skif |
| 3PL: | skifə̑t | ogə̑t skif |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | skifə̑m | šə̑m skif |
| 2SG: | skifə̑č́ | šə̑č́ skif |
| 3SG: | skife | ə̑š skif |
| 1PL: | skifna | ə̑šna skif |
| 2PL: | skifda | ə̑šda skif |
| 3PL: | skifə̑č́ | ə̑št skif |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | skifə̑nam | skifə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | skifə̑nat | skifə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | skifə̑n | skifə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | skifə̑nna | skifə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | skifə̑nda | skifə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | skifə̑nə̑t | skifə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | skifam ə̑l'e | om skif ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | skifat ə̑l'e | ot skif ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | skifeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš skif ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | skifə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na skif ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | skifə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da skif ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | skifə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t skif ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | skifam ulmaš | om skif ulmaš |
| 2SG: | skifat ulmaš | ot skif ulmaš |
| 3SG: | skifeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš skif ulmaš |
| 1PL: | skifə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na skif ulmaš |
| 2PL: | skifə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da skif ulmaš |
| 3PL: | skifə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t skif ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | skifə̑nam ə̑l'e | skifə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | skifə̑nat ə̑l'e | skifə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | skifə̑n ə̑l'e | skifə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | skifə̑nna ə̑l'e | skifə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | skifə̑nda ə̑l'e | skifə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | skifə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | skifə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | skifə̑nam ulmaš | skifə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | skifə̑nat ulmaš | skifə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | skifə̑n ulmaš | skifə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | skifə̑nna ulmaš | skifə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | skifə̑nda ulmaš | skifə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | skifə̑nə̑t ulmaš | skifə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | skif | it skif |
| 3SG: | skifše | ə̑nže skif |
| 1PL: | (skifə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na skif) |
| 2PL: | skifsa | ida skif |
| 3PL: | skifə̑št | ə̑nə̑št skif |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | skifnem | ə̑nem skif |
| 2SG: | skifnet | ə̑net skif |
| 3SG: | skifneže | ə̑než skif |
| 1PL: | skifnena | ə̑nena skif |
| 2PL: | skifneda | ə̑neda skif |
| 3PL: | skifnešt | ə̑nešt skif |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | skifnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem skif ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | skifnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net skif ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | skifneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než skif ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | skifnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena skif ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | skifneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda skif ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | skifnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt skif ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | skifnet ulmaš | ə̑net skif ulmaš |
| 3SG: | skifneže ulmaš | ə̑než skif ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | skifneda ulmaš | ə̑neda skif ulmaš |
| 3PL: | skifnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt skif ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | skifaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | skifman |
| Active participle: | skifše |
| Passive participle: | skifme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | skifšaš |
| Negative participle: | skifdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | skifə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | skifde |
| Gerund of prior action: | skifmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | skifmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | skifšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | skifmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | skifdə̑maš |
