Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spam | om sp |
| 2SG: | spat | ot sp |
| 3SG: | speš | ok/ogeš sp |
| 1PL: | spə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sp |
| 2PL: | spə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sp |
| 3PL: | spə̑t | ogə̑t sp |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spə̑m | šə̑m sp |
| 2SG: | spə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sp |
| 3SG: | spe | ə̑š sp |
| 1PL: | spna | ə̑šna sp |
| 2PL: | spda | ə̑šda sp |
| 3PL: | spə̑č́ | ə̑št sp |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spə̑nam | spə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | spə̑nat | spə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | spə̑n | spə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | spə̑nna | spə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | spə̑nda | spə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | spə̑nə̑t | spə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spam ə̑l'e | om sp ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spat ə̑l'e | ot sp ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | speš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sp ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sp ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sp ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sp ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spam ulmaš | om sp ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spat ulmaš | ot sp ulmaš |
| 3SG: | speš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sp ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sp ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sp ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sp ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spə̑nam ə̑l'e | spə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spə̑nat ə̑l'e | spə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spə̑n ə̑l'e | spə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spə̑nna ə̑l'e | spə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spə̑nda ə̑l'e | spə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | spə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spə̑nam ulmaš | spə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spə̑nat ulmaš | spə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spə̑n ulmaš | spə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spə̑nna ulmaš | spə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spə̑nda ulmaš | spə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spə̑nə̑t ulmaš | spə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sp | it sp |
| 3SG: | spše | ə̑nže sp |
| 1PL: | (spə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sp) |
| 2PL: | spsa€ | ida sp |
| 3PL: | spə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sp |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spnem | ə̑nem sp |
| 2SG: | spnet | ə̑net sp |
| 3SG: | spneže | ə̑než sp |
| 1PL: | spnena | ə̑nena sp |
| 2PL: | spneda | ə̑neda sp |
| 3PL: | spnešt | ə̑nešt sp |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sp ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sp ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sp ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sp ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sp ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sp ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spnet ulmaš | ə̑net sp ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spneže ulmaš | ə̑než sp ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | spneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sp ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sp ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | spaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | spman |
| Active participle: | spše |
| Passive participle: | spme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | spšaš |
| Negative participle: | spdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | spə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | spde |
| Gerund of prior action: | spmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | spmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | spšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | spmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | spdə̑maš |
