Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | specoβkem | om specoβko |
| 2SG: | specoβket | ot specoβko |
| 3SG: | specoβka | ok/ogeš specoβko |
| 1PL: | specoβkena | ona/ogə̑na specoβko |
| 2PL: | specoβkeda | oda/ogə̑da specoβko |
| 3PL: | specoβkat | ogə̑t specoβko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | specoβkə̑šə̑m | šə̑m specoβko |
| 2SG: | specoβkə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ specoβko |
| 3SG: | specoβkə̑š | ə̑š specoβko |
| 1PL: | specoβkə̑šna | ə̑šna specoβko |
| 2PL: | specoβkə̑šda | ə̑šda specoβko |
| 3PL: | specoβkə̑št | ə̑št specoβko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | specoβkenam | specoβken omə̑l |
| 2SG: | specoβkenat | specoβken otə̑l |
| 3SG: | specoβken | specoβken ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | specoβkenna | specoβken onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | specoβkenda | specoβken odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | specoβkenə̑t | specoβken ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | specoβkem ə̑l'e | om specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | specoβket ə̑l'e | ot specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | specoβka ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | specoβkena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | specoβkeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | specoβkat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t specoβko ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | specoβkem ulmaš | om specoβko ulmaš |
| 2SG: | specoβket ulmaš | ot specoβko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | specoβka ulmaš | ok/ogeš specoβko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | specoβkena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na specoβko ulmaš |
| 2PL: | specoβkeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da specoβko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | specoβkat ulmaš | ogə̑t specoβko ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | specoβkenam ə̑l'e | specoβken omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | specoβkenat ə̑l'e | specoβken otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | specoβken ə̑l'e | specoβken ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | specoβkenna ə̑l'e | specoβken onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | specoβkenda ə̑l'e | specoβken odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | specoβken ə̑l'e | specoβken ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | specoβkenam ulmaš | specoβken omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | specoβkenat ulmaš | specoβken otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | specoβken ulmaš | specoβken ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | specoβkenna ulmaš | specoβken onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | specoβkenda ulmaš | specoβken odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | specoβken ulmaš | specoβken ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | specoβko | it specoβko |
| 3SG: | specoβkə̑žo | ə̑nže specoβko |
| 1PL: | (specoβkena) | (ona/ogə̑na specoβko) |
| 2PL: | specoβkə̑za | ida specoβko |
| 3PL: | specoβkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št specoβko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | specoβkə̑nem | ə̑nem specoβko |
| 2SG: | specoβkə̑net | ə̑net specoβko |
| 3SG: | specoβkə̑neže | ə̑než specoβko |
| 1PL: | specoβkə̑nena | ə̑nena specoβko |
| 2PL: | specoβkə̑neda | ə̑neda specoβko |
| 3PL: | specoβkə̑nešt | ə̑nešt specoβko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | specoβkə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | specoβkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | specoβkə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | specoβkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | specoβkə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda specoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | specoβkə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt specoβko ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | specoβkə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net specoβko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | specoβkə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než specoβko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | specoβkə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda specoβko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | specoβkə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt specoβko ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | specoβkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | specoβkə̑man |
| Active participle: | specoβkə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | specoβkə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | specoβkə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | specoβkə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | specoβken |
| Negative gerund: | specoβkə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | specoβkə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | specoβkə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | specoβkə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | specoβkə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | specoβkə̑də̑maš |
