Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spidam | om spid |
| 2SG: | spidat | ot spid |
| 3SG: | spideš | ok/ogeš spid |
| 1PL: | spidə̑na | ona/ogə̑na spid |
| 2PL: | spidə̑da | oda/ogə̑da spid |
| 3PL: | spidə̑t | ogə̑t spid |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spidə̑m | šə̑m spid |
| 2SG: | spidə̑č́ | šə̑č́ spid |
| 3SG: | spide | ə̑š spid |
| 1PL: | spidna | ə̑šna spid |
| 2PL: | spidda | ə̑šda spid |
| 3PL: | spidə̑č́ | ə̑št spid |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spidə̑nam | spidə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | spidə̑nat | spidə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | spidə̑n | spidə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | spidə̑nna | spidə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | spidə̑nda | spidə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | spidə̑nə̑t | spidə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spidam ə̑l'e | om spid ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spidat ə̑l'e | ot spid ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spideš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš spid ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spidə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na spid ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spidə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da spid ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spidə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t spid ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spidam ulmaš | om spid ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spidat ulmaš | ot spid ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spideš ulmaš | ok/ogeš spid ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spidə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na spid ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spidə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da spid ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spidə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t spid ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spidə̑nam ə̑l'e | spidə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spidə̑nat ə̑l'e | spidə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spidə̑n ə̑l'e | spidə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spidə̑nna ə̑l'e | spidə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spidə̑nda ə̑l'e | spidə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spidə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | spidə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spidə̑nam ulmaš | spidə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spidə̑nat ulmaš | spidə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spidə̑n ulmaš | spidə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spidə̑nna ulmaš | spidə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spidə̑nda ulmaš | spidə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spidə̑nə̑t ulmaš | spidə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spid | it spid |
| 3SG: | spidše | ə̑nže spid |
| 1PL: | (spidə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na spid) |
| 2PL: | spidsa | ida spid |
| 3PL: | spidə̑št | ə̑nə̑št spid |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spidnem | ə̑nem spid |
| 2SG: | spidnet | ə̑net spid |
| 3SG: | spidneže | ə̑než spid |
| 1PL: | spidnena | ə̑nena spid |
| 2PL: | spidneda | ə̑neda spid |
| 3PL: | spidnešt | ə̑nešt spid |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spidnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem spid ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spidnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net spid ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spidneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než spid ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spidnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena spid ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spidneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda spid ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spidnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt spid ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spidnet ulmaš | ə̑net spid ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spidneže ulmaš | ə̑než spid ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | spidneda ulmaš | ə̑neda spid ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spidnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt spid ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | spidaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | spidman |
| Active participle: | spidše |
| Passive participle: | spidme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | spidšaš |
| Negative participle: | spiddə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | spidə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | spidde |
| Gerund of prior action: | spidmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | spidmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | spidšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | spidmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | spiddə̑maš |
