Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtanam | om spirtan |
| 2SG: | spirtanat | ot spirtan |
| 3SG: | spirtaneš | ok/ogeš spirtan |
| 1PL: | spirtanə̑na | ona/ogə̑na spirtan |
| 2PL: | spirtanə̑da | oda/ogə̑da spirtan |
| 3PL: | spirtanə̑t | ogə̑t spirtan |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtańə̑m | šə̑m spirtan |
| 2SG: | spirtańə̑č́ | šə̑č́ spirtan |
| 3SG: | spirtańe | ə̑š spirtan |
| 1PL: | spirtanna | ə̑šna spirtan |
| 2PL: | spirtanda | ə̑šda spirtan |
| 3PL: | spirtańə̑č́ | ə̑št spirtan |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtanə̑nam | spirtanə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | spirtanə̑nat | spirtanə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | spirtanə̑n | spirtanə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | spirtanə̑nna | spirtanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | spirtanə̑nda | spirtanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | spirtanə̑nə̑t | spirtanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtanam ə̑l'e | om spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spirtanat ə̑l'e | ot spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spirtaneš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spirtanə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spirtanə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spirtanə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t spirtan ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtanam ulmaš | om spirtan ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spirtanat ulmaš | ot spirtan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spirtaneš ulmaš | ok/ogeš spirtan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spirtanə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na spirtan ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spirtanə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da spirtan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spirtanə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t spirtan ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtanə̑nam ə̑l'e | spirtanə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spirtanə̑nat ə̑l'e | spirtanə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spirtanə̑n ə̑l'e | spirtanə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spirtanə̑nna ə̑l'e | spirtanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spirtanə̑nda ə̑l'e | spirtanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spirtanə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | spirtanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtanə̑nam ulmaš | spirtanə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spirtanə̑nat ulmaš | spirtanə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spirtanə̑n ulmaš | spirtanə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spirtanə̑nna ulmaš | spirtanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spirtanə̑nda ulmaš | spirtanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spirtanə̑nə̑t ulmaš | spirtanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spirtan | it spirtan |
| 3SG: | spirtanže | ə̑nže spirtan |
| 1PL: | (spirtanə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na spirtan) |
| 2PL: | spirtanza | ida spirtan |
| 3PL: | spirtanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št spirtan |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtannem | ə̑nem spirtan |
| 2SG: | spirtannet | ə̑net spirtan |
| 3SG: | spirtanneže | ə̑než spirtan |
| 1PL: | spirtannena | ə̑nena spirtan |
| 2PL: | spirtanneda | ə̑neda spirtan |
| 3PL: | spirtannešt | ə̑nešt spirtan |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtannem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spirtannena ə̑l'e | ə̑net spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spirtanneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spirtannena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spirtanneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda spirtan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spirtannešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt spirtan ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spirtannet ulmaš | ə̑net spirtan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spirtanneže ulmaš | ə̑než spirtan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | spirtanneda ulmaš | ə̑neda spirtan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spirtannešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt spirtan ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | spirtanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | spirtanman |
| Active participle: | spirtanše |
| Passive participle: | spirtanme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | spirtanšaš |
| Negative participle: | spirtandə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | spirtanə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | spirtande |
| Gerund of prior action: | spirtanmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | spirtanmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | spirtanšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | spirtanmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | spirtandə̑maš |
