Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkem | om spirtoβko |
| 2SG: | spirtoβket | ot spirtoβko |
| 3SG: | spirtoβka | ok/ogeš spirtoβko |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkena | ona/ogə̑na spirtoβko |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkeda | oda/ogə̑da spirtoβko |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkat | ogə̑t spirtoβko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkə̑šə̑m | šə̑m spirtoβko |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ spirtoβko |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkə̑š | ə̑š spirtoβko |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkə̑šna | ə̑šna spirtoβko |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkə̑šda | ə̑šda spirtoβko |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkə̑št | ə̑št spirtoβko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkenam | spirtoβken omə̑l |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkenat | spirtoβken otə̑l |
| 3SG: | spirtoβken | spirtoβken ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkenna | spirtoβken onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkenda | spirtoβken odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkenə̑t | spirtoβken ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkem ə̑l'e | om spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spirtoβket ə̑l'e | ot spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spirtoβka ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkem ulmaš | om spirtoβko ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spirtoβket ulmaš | ot spirtoβko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spirtoβka ulmaš | ok/ogeš spirtoβko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na spirtoβko ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da spirtoβko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkat ulmaš | ogə̑t spirtoβko ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkenam ə̑l'e | spirtoβken omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkenat ə̑l'e | spirtoβken otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spirtoβken ə̑l'e | spirtoβken ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkenna ə̑l'e | spirtoβken onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkenda ə̑l'e | spirtoβken odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spirtoβken ə̑l'e | spirtoβken ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkenam ulmaš | spirtoβken omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkenat ulmaš | spirtoβken otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spirtoβken ulmaš | spirtoβken ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkenna ulmaš | spirtoβken onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkenda ulmaš | spirtoβken odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spirtoβken ulmaš | spirtoβken ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spirtoβko | it spirtoβko |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkə̑žo | ə̑nže spirtoβko |
| 1PL: | (spirtoβkena) | (ona/ogə̑na spirtoβko) |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkə̑za | ida spirtoβko |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št spirtoβko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkə̑nem | ə̑nem spirtoβko |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkə̑net | ə̑net spirtoβko |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkə̑neže | ə̑než spirtoβko |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkə̑nena | ə̑nena spirtoβko |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkə̑neda | ə̑neda spirtoβko |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkə̑nešt | ə̑nešt spirtoβko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtoβkə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spirtoβkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt spirtoβko ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spirtoβkə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net spirtoβko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spirtoβkə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než spirtoβko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | spirtoβkə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda spirtoβko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spirtoβkə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt spirtoβko ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | spirtoβkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | spirtoβkə̑man |
| Active participle: | spirtoβkə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | spirtoβkə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | spirtoβkə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | spirtoβkə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | spirtoβken |
| Negative gerund: | spirtoβkə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | spirtoβkə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | spirtoβkə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | spirtoβkə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | spirtoβkə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | spirtoβkə̑də̑maš |
