Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtanam | om surtan |
| 2SG: | surtanat | ot surtan |
| 3SG: | surtaneš | ok/ogeš surtan |
| 1PL: | surtanə̑na | ona/ogə̑na surtan |
| 2PL: | surtanə̑da | oda/ogə̑da surtan |
| 3PL: | surtanə̑t | ogə̑t surtan |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtańə̑m | šə̑m surtan |
| 2SG: | surtańə̑č́ | šə̑č́ surtan |
| 3SG: | surtańe | ə̑š surtan |
| 1PL: | surtanna | ə̑šna surtan |
| 2PL: | surtanda | ə̑šda surtan |
| 3PL: | surtańə̑č́ | ə̑št surtan |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtanə̑nam | surtanə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | surtanə̑nat | surtanə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | surtanə̑n | surtanə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | surtanə̑nna | surtanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | surtanə̑nda | surtanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | surtanə̑nə̑t | surtanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtanam ə̑l'e | om surtan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | surtanat ə̑l'e | ot surtan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | surtaneš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš surtan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | surtanə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na surtan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | surtanə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da surtan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | surtanə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t surtan ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtanam ulmaš | om surtan ulmaš |
| 2SG: | surtanat ulmaš | ot surtan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | surtaneš ulmaš | ok/ogeš surtan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | surtanə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na surtan ulmaš |
| 2PL: | surtanə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da surtan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | surtanə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t surtan ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtanə̑nam ə̑l'e | surtanə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | surtanə̑nat ə̑l'e | surtanə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | surtanə̑n ə̑l'e | surtanə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | surtanə̑nna ə̑l'e | surtanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | surtanə̑nda ə̑l'e | surtanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | surtanə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | surtanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtanə̑nam ulmaš | surtanə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | surtanə̑nat ulmaš | surtanə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | surtanə̑n ulmaš | surtanə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | surtanə̑nna ulmaš | surtanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | surtanə̑nda ulmaš | surtanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | surtanə̑nə̑t ulmaš | surtanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | surtan | it surtan |
| 3SG: | surtanže | ə̑nže surtan |
| 1PL: | (surtanə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na surtan) |
| 2PL: | surtanza | ida surtan |
| 3PL: | surtanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št surtan |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtannem | ə̑nem surtan |
| 2SG: | surtannet | ə̑net surtan |
| 3SG: | surtanneže | ə̑než surtan |
| 1PL: | surtannena | ə̑nena surtan |
| 2PL: | surtanneda | ə̑neda surtan |
| 3PL: | surtannešt | ə̑nešt surtan |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtannem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem surtan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | surtannena ə̑l'e | ə̑net surtan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | surtanneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než surtan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | surtannena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena surtan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | surtanneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda surtan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | surtannešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt surtan ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | surtannet ulmaš | ə̑net surtan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | surtanneže ulmaš | ə̑než surtan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | surtanneda ulmaš | ə̑neda surtan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | surtannešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt surtan ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | surtanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | surtanman |
| Active participle: | surtanše |
| Passive participle: | surtanme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | surtanšaš |
| Negative participle: | surtandə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | surtanə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | surtande |
| Gerund of prior action: | surtanmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | surtanmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | surtanšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | surtanmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | surtandə̑maš |
