Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtam | om surt |
| 2SG: | surtat | ot surt |
| 3SG: | surteš | ok/ogeš surt |
| 1PL: | surtə̑na | ona/ogə̑na surt |
| 2PL: | surtə̑da | oda/ogə̑da surt |
| 3PL: | surtə̑t | ogə̑t surt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtə̑m | šə̑m surt |
| 2SG: | surtə̑č́ | šə̑č́ surt |
| 3SG: | surto | ə̑š surt |
| 1PL: | surtna | ə̑šna surt |
| 2PL: | surtda | ə̑šda surt |
| 3PL: | surtə̑č́ | ə̑št surt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtə̑nam | surtə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | surtə̑nat | surtə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | surtə̑n | surtə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | surtə̑nna | surtə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | surtə̑nda | surtə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | surtə̑nə̑t | surtə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtam ə̑l'e | om surt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | surtat ə̑l'e | ot surt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | surteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš surt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | surtə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na surt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | surtə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da surt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | surtə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t surt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtam ulmaš | om surt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | surtat ulmaš | ot surt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | surteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš surt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | surtə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na surt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | surtə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da surt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | surtə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t surt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtə̑nam ə̑l'e | surtə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | surtə̑nat ə̑l'e | surtə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | surtə̑n ə̑l'e | surtə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | surtə̑nna ə̑l'e | surtə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | surtə̑nda ə̑l'e | surtə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | surtə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | surtə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtə̑nam ulmaš | surtə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | surtə̑nat ulmaš | surtə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | surtə̑n ulmaš | surtə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | surtə̑nna ulmaš | surtə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | surtə̑nda ulmaš | surtə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | surtə̑nə̑t ulmaš | surtə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | surt | it surt |
| 3SG: | surtšo | ə̑nže surt |
| 1PL: | (surtə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na surt) |
| 2PL: | surtsa | ida surt |
| 3PL: | surtə̑št | ə̑nə̑št surt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtnem | ə̑nem surt |
| 2SG: | surtnet | ə̑net surt |
| 3SG: | surtneže | ə̑než surt |
| 1PL: | surtnena | ə̑nena surt |
| 2PL: | surtneda | ə̑neda surt |
| 3PL: | surtnešt | ə̑nešt surt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | surtnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem surt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | surtnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net surt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | surtneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než surt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | surtnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena surt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | surtneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda surt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | surtnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt surt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | surtnet ulmaš | ə̑net surt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | surtneže ulmaš | ə̑než surt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | surtneda ulmaš | ə̑neda surt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | surtnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt surt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | surtaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | surtman |
| Active participle: | surtšo |
| Passive participle: | surtmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | surtšaš |
| Negative participle: | surtdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | surtə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | surtde |
| Gerund of prior action: | surtmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | surtmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | surtšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | surtmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | surtdə̑maš |
