Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sferam | om sfer |
| 2SG: | sferat | ot sfer |
| 3SG: | sfereš | ok/ogeš sfer |
| 1PL: | sferə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sfer |
| 2PL: | sferə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sfer |
| 3PL: | sferə̑t | ogə̑t sfer |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sferə̑m | šə̑m sfer |
| 2SG: | sferə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sfer |
| 3SG: | sfere | ə̑š sfer |
| 1PL: | sferna | ə̑šna sfer |
| 2PL: | sferda | ə̑šda sfer |
| 3PL: | sferə̑č́ | ə̑št sfer |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sferə̑nam | sferə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sferə̑nat | sferə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sferə̑n | sferə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sferə̑nna | sferə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sferə̑nda | sferə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sferə̑nə̑t | sferə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sferam ə̑l'e | om sfer ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sferat ə̑l'e | ot sfer ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sfereš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sfer ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sferə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sfer ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sferə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sfer ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sferə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sfer ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sferam ulmaš | om sfer ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sferat ulmaš | ot sfer ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sfereš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sfer ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sferə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sfer ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sferə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sfer ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sferə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sfer ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sferə̑nam ə̑l'e | sferə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sferə̑nat ə̑l'e | sferə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sferə̑n ə̑l'e | sferə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sferə̑nna ə̑l'e | sferə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sferə̑nda ə̑l'e | sferə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sferə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sferə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sferə̑nam ulmaš | sferə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sferə̑nat ulmaš | sferə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sferə̑n ulmaš | sferə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sferə̑nna ulmaš | sferə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sferə̑nda ulmaš | sferə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sferə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sferə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sfer | it sfer |
| 3SG: | sferže | ə̑nže sfer |
| 1PL: | (sferə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sfer) |
| 2PL: | sferza | ida sfer |
| 3PL: | sferə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sfer |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sfernem | ə̑nem sfer |
| 2SG: | sfernet | ə̑net sfer |
| 3SG: | sferneže | ə̑než sfer |
| 1PL: | sfernena | ə̑nena sfer |
| 2PL: | sferneda | ə̑neda sfer |
| 3PL: | sfernešt | ə̑nešt sfer |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | sfernem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sfer ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sfernena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sfer ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sferneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sfer ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sfernena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sfer ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sferneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sfer ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sfernešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sfer ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sfernet ulmaš | ə̑net sfer ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sferneže ulmaš | ə̑než sfer ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sferneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sfer ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sfernešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sfer ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sferaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sferman |
| Active participle: | sferše |
| Passive participle: | sferme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sferšaš |
| Negative participle: | sferdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sferə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | sferde |
| Gerund of prior action: | sfermek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sfermeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sferšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sfermaš |
| Negative nominalization: | sferdə̑maš |
