Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃem | om toβaŋʃe |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃet | ot toβaŋʃe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃa | ok/ogeʃ toβaŋʃe |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃena | ona/ogəna toβaŋʃe |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃeda | oda/ogəda toβaŋʃe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃat | ogət toβaŋʃe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃəʃəm | ʃəm toβaŋʃe |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toβaŋʃe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃəʃ | əʃ toβaŋʃe |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃəʃna | əʃna toβaŋʃe |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃəʃda | əʃda toβaŋʃe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃəʃt | əʃt toβaŋʃe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃenam | toβaŋʃen oməl |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃenat | toβaŋʃen otəl |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃen | toβaŋʃen ogəl |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃenːa | toβaŋʃen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃenda | toβaŋʃen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃenət | toβaŋʃen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃem əʎe | om toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃet əʎe | ot toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃena əʎe | ona/ogəna toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃeda əʎe | oda/ogəda toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃat əʎe | ogət toβaŋʃe əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃem ulmaʃ | om toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃet ulmaʃ | ot toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃat ulmaʃ | ogət toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃenam əʎe | toβaŋʃen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃenat əʎe | toβaŋʃen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃen əʎe | toβaŋʃen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃenːa əʎe | toβaŋʃen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃenda əʎe | toβaŋʃen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃen əʎe | toβaŋʃen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃenam ulmaʃ | toβaŋʃen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃenat ulmaʃ | toβaŋʃen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃen ulmaʃ | toβaŋʃen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃenːa ulmaʃ | toβaŋʃen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃenda ulmaʃ | toβaŋʃen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃen ulmaʃ | toβaŋʃen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃe | it toβaŋʃe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃəʒe | ənʒe toβaŋʃe |
| 1PL: | (toβaŋʃena) | (ona/ogəna toβaŋʃe) |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃəza | ida toβaŋʃe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃəʃt | ənəʃt toβaŋʃe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃənem | ənem toβaŋʃe |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃənet | ənet toβaŋʃe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃəneʒe | əneʒ toβaŋʃe |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃənena | ənena toβaŋʃe |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃəneda | əneda toβaŋʃe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃəneʃt | əneʃt toβaŋʃe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃənem əʎe | ənem toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃənena əʎe | ənet toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃənena əʎe | ənena toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃəneda əʎe | əneda toβaŋʃe əʎe |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toβaŋʃe əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃənet ulmaʃ | ənet toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃəneda ulmaʃ | əneda toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toβaŋʃe ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toβaŋʃaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toβaŋʃəman |
| Active participle: | toβaŋʃəʃe |
| Passive participle: | toβaŋʃəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toβaŋʃəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toβaŋʃədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toβaŋʃen |
| Negative gerund: | toβaŋʃəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toβaŋʃəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toβaŋʃəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toβaŋʃəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toβaŋʃəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toβaŋʃədəmaʃ |
