Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ○ Nominal ● Verb ○ Postposition
Conjugation class: ● Determine from input ○ First ○ Second
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ○ UPA ● IPA

Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.


Indicative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕemom toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕetot toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕaok/ogeʃ toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
1PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenaona/ogəna toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕedaoda/ogəda toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕatogət toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe

Indicative Simple Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃəmʃəm toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃət͡ɕʃət͡ɕ toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃəʃ toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
1PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃnaəʃna toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃdaəʃda toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃtəʃt toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe

Indicative Simple Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenamtoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen oməl
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenattoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen otəl
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕentoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen ogəl
1PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenːatoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen onal/ogənal
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕendatoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen odal/ogədal
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenəttoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen ogətəl

Indicative Compound Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕem əʎeom toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕet əʎeot toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕa əʎeok/ogeʃ toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
1PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕena əʎeona/ogəna toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕeda əʎeoda/ogəda toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕat əʎeogət toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe

Indicative Compound Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕem ulmaʃom toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕet ulmaʃot toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕa ulmaʃok/ogeʃ toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ
1PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕena ulmaʃona/ogəna toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕeda ulmaʃoda/ogəda toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕat ulmaʃogət toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ

Indicative Compound Past III

PositiveNegative
1SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenam əʎetoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen oməl əʎe
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenat əʎetoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen otəl əʎe
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen əʎetoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen ogəl əʎe
1PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenːa əʎetoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen onal/ogənal əʎe
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenda əʎetoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen odal/ogədal əʎe
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen əʎetoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen ogətəl əʎe

Indicative Compound Past IV

PositiveNegative
1SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenam ulmaʃtoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen oməl ulmaʃ
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenat ulmaʃtoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen otəl ulmaʃ
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen ulmaʃtoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen ogəl ulmaʃ
1PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenːa ulmaʃtoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕenda ulmaʃtoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen ulmaʃtoj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen ogətəl ulmaʃ

Imperative

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕeit toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʒeənʒe toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
1PL:(toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕena)(ona/ogəna toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe)
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəzaida toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃtənəʃt toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe

Desiderative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕənemənem toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕənetənet toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəneʒeəneʒ toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
1PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕənenaənena toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕənedaəneda toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəneʃtəneʃt toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe

Desiderative Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕənem əʎeənem toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕənena əʎeənet toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəneʒe əʎeəneʒ toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
1PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕənena əʎeənena toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəneda əʎeəneda toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəneʃt əʎeəneʃt toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe əʎe

Desiderative Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕənet ulmaʃənet toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ
3SG:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəneʒe ulmaʃəneʒ toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ
1PL://
2PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəneda ulmaʃəneda toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ
3PL:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəneʃt ulmaʃəneʃt toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕe ulmaʃ

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕaʃ
Necessitive infinitive:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəman
Active participle:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃe
Passive participle:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəme
Future-necessitive participle:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃaʃ
Negative participle:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕədəme
Affirmative instructive gerund:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕen
Negative gerund:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəde
Gerund of prior action:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəmek(e)
Gerund of future action:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəmeʃ(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəʃəla
Nominalization:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕəmaʃ
Negative nominalization:toj-t͡ɕint͡ɕədəmaʃ


Last update: 10 August 2023