Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topasam | om topas |
| 2SG: | topasat | ot topas |
| 3SG: | topaseš | ok/ogeš topas |
| 1PL: | topasə̑na | ona/ogə̑na topas |
| 2PL: | topasə̑da | oda/ogə̑da topas |
| 3PL: | topasə̑t | ogə̑t topas |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topasə̑m | šə̑m topas |
| 2SG: | topasə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topas |
| 3SG: | topase | ə̑š topas |
| 1PL: | topasna | ə̑šna topas |
| 2PL: | topasda | ə̑šda topas |
| 3PL: | topasə̑č́ | ə̑št topas |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topasə̑nam | topasə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topasə̑nat | topasə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topasə̑n | topasə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topasə̑nna | topasə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topasə̑nda | topasə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topasə̑nə̑t | topasə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topasam ə̑l'e | om topas ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topasat ə̑l'e | ot topas ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topaseš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topas ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topasə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topas ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topasə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topas ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topasə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topas ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topasam ulmaš | om topas ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topasat ulmaš | ot topas ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topaseš ulmaš | ok/ogeš topas ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topasə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topas ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topasə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topas ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topasə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t topas ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topasə̑nam ə̑l'e | topasə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topasə̑nat ə̑l'e | topasə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topasə̑n ə̑l'e | topasə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topasə̑nna ə̑l'e | topasə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topasə̑nda ə̑l'e | topasə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topasə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | topasə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topasə̑nam ulmaš | topasə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topasə̑nat ulmaš | topasə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topasə̑n ulmaš | topasə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topasə̑nna ulmaš | topasə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topasə̑nda ulmaš | topasə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topasə̑nə̑t ulmaš | topasə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topas | it topas |
| 3SG: | topasše | ə̑nže topas |
| 1PL: | (topasə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na topas) |
| 2PL: | topassa | ida topas |
| 3PL: | topasə̑št | ə̑nə̑št topas |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topasnem | ə̑nem topas |
| 2SG: | topasnet | ə̑net topas |
| 3SG: | topasneže | ə̑než topas |
| 1PL: | topasnena | ə̑nena topas |
| 2PL: | topasneda | ə̑neda topas |
| 3PL: | topasnešt | ə̑nešt topas |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topasnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topas ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topasnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topas ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topasneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topas ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topasnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topas ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topasneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topas ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topasnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topas ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topasnet ulmaš | ə̑net topas ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topasneže ulmaš | ə̑než topas ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topasneda ulmaš | ə̑neda topas ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topasnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topas ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topasaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topasman |
| Active participle: | topasše |
| Passive participle: | topasme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topasšaš |
| Negative participle: | topasdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topasə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | topasde |
| Gerund of prior action: | topasmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topasmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topasšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topasmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | topasdə̑maš |
