Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topkatam | om topkata |
| 2SG: | topkatat | ot topkata |
| 3SG: | topkataš | ok/ogeš topkata |
| 1PL: | topkataə̑na | ona/ogə̑na topkata |
| 2PL: | topkataə̑da | oda/ogə̑da topkata |
| 3PL: | topkataə̑t | ogə̑t topkata |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topkataə̑m | šə̑m topkata |
| 2SG: | topkataə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topkata |
| 3SG: | topkataje | ə̑š topkata |
| 1PL: | topkatana | ə̑šna topkata |
| 2PL: | topkatada | ə̑šda topkata |
| 3PL: | topkataə̑č́ | ə̑št topkata |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topkataə̑nam | topkataə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topkataə̑nat | topkataə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topkataə̑n | topkataə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topkataə̑nna | topkataə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topkataə̑nda | topkataə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topkataə̑nə̑t | topkataə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topkatam ə̑l'e | om topkata ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topkatat ə̑l'e | ot topkata ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topkataš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topkata ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topkataə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topkata ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topkataə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topkata ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topkataə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topkata ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topkatam ulmaš | om topkata ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topkatat ulmaš | ot topkata ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topkataš ulmaš | ok/ogeš topkata ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topkataə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topkata ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topkataə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topkata ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topkataə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t topkata ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topkataə̑nam ə̑l'e | topkataə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topkataə̑nat ə̑l'e | topkataə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topkataə̑n ə̑l'e | topkataə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topkataə̑nna ə̑l'e | topkataə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topkataə̑nda ə̑l'e | topkataə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topkataə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | topkataə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topkataə̑nam ulmaš | topkataə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topkataə̑nat ulmaš | topkataə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topkataə̑n ulmaš | topkataə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topkataə̑nna ulmaš | topkataə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topkataə̑nda ulmaš | topkataə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topkataə̑nə̑t ulmaš | topkataə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topkata | it topkata |
| 3SG: | topkataže | ə̑nže topkata |
| 1PL: | (topkataə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na topkata) |
| 2PL: | topkataza | ida topkata |
| 3PL: | topkatašt | ə̑nə̑št topkata |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topkatanem | ə̑nem topkata |
| 2SG: | topkatanet | ə̑net topkata |
| 3SG: | topkataneže | ə̑než topkata |
| 1PL: | topkatanena | ə̑nena topkata |
| 2PL: | topkataneda | ə̑neda topkata |
| 3PL: | topkatanešt | ə̑nešt topkata |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topkatanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topkata ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topkatanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topkata ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topkataneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topkata ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topkatanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topkata ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topkataneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topkata ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topkatanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topkata ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topkatanet ulmaš | ə̑net topkata ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topkataneže ulmaš | ə̑než topkata ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topkataneda ulmaš | ə̑neda topkata ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topkatanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topkata ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topkataš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topkataman |
| Active participle: | topkataše |
| Passive participle: | topkatame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topkatašaš |
| Negative participle: | topkatadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topkataə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | topkatade |
| Gerund of prior action: | topkatamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topkatameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topkatašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topkatamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | topkatadə̑maš |
