Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topumdem | om topumdo |
| 2SG: | topumdet | ot topumdo |
| 3SG: | topumda | ok/ogeš topumdo |
| 1PL: | topumdena | ona/ogə̑na topumdo |
| 2PL: | topumdeda | oda/ogə̑da topumdo |
| 3PL: | topumdat | ogə̑t topumdo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topumdə̑šə̑m | šə̑m topumdo |
| 2SG: | topumdə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topumdo |
| 3SG: | topumdə̑š | ə̑š topumdo |
| 1PL: | topumdə̑šna | ə̑šna topumdo |
| 2PL: | topumdə̑šda | ə̑šda topumdo |
| 3PL: | topumdə̑št | ə̑št topumdo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topumdenam | topumden omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topumdenat | topumden otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topumden | topumden ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topumdenna | topumden onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topumdenda | topumden odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topumdenə̑t | topumden ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topumdem ə̑l'e | om topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topumdet ə̑l'e | ot topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topumda ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topumdena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topumdeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topumdat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topumdo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topumdem ulmaš | om topumdo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topumdet ulmaš | ot topumdo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topumda ulmaš | ok/ogeš topumdo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topumdena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topumdo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topumdeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topumdo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topumdat ulmaš | ogə̑t topumdo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topumdenam ə̑l'e | topumden omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topumdenat ə̑l'e | topumden otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topumden ə̑l'e | topumden ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topumdenna ə̑l'e | topumden onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topumdenda ə̑l'e | topumden odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topumden ə̑l'e | topumden ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topumdenam ulmaš | topumden omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topumdenat ulmaš | topumden otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topumden ulmaš | topumden ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topumdenna ulmaš | topumden onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topumdenda ulmaš | topumden odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topumden ulmaš | topumden ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topumdo | it topumdo |
| 3SG: | topumdə̑žo | ə̑nže topumdo |
| 1PL: | (topumdena) | (ona/ogə̑na topumdo) |
| 2PL: | topumdə̑za | ida topumdo |
| 3PL: | topumdə̑št | ə̑nə̑št topumdo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topumdə̑nem | ə̑nem topumdo |
| 2SG: | topumdə̑net | ə̑net topumdo |
| 3SG: | topumdə̑neže | ə̑než topumdo |
| 1PL: | topumdə̑nena | ə̑nena topumdo |
| 2PL: | topumdə̑neda | ə̑neda topumdo |
| 3PL: | topumdə̑nešt | ə̑nešt topumdo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topumdə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topumdə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topumdə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topumdə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topumdə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topumdo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topumdə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topumdo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topumdə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net topumdo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topumdə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než topumdo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topumdə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda topumdo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topumdə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topumdo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topumdaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topumdə̑man |
| Active participle: | topumdə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | topumdə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topumdə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | topumdə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topumden |
| Negative gerund: | topumdə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | topumdə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topumdə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topumdə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topumdə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | topumdə̑də̑maš |
