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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toraš(ke) |
| Genitive: | toraš(ke)ə̑n |
| Dative: | toraš(ke)lan |
| Accusative: | toraš(ke)ə̑m |
| Comparative: | toraš(ke)la |
| Comitative: | toraš(ke)ge |
| Inessive: | toraš(ke)ə̑šte |
| Illative: | toraš(ke)ə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toraš(ke)ješ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toraš(ke)jem |
| 2SG: | toraš(ke)jet |
| 3SG: | toraš(ke)že |
| 1PL: | toraš(ke)na |
| 2PL: | toraš(ke)da |
| 3PL: | toraš(ke)ə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toraš(ke)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toraš(ke)-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toraš(ke)la |
| Sociative Plural: | toraš(ke)mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toraš(ke)jem | toraš(ke)-βlak | toraš(ke)-βlakem, toraš(ke)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toraš(ke)jemə̑n | toraš(ke)-βlakə̑n | toraš(ke)-βlakemə̑n, toraš(ke)jem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toraš(ke)jemlan, toraš(ke)lanem | toraš(ke)-βlaklan | toraš(ke)-βlakemlan, toraš(ke)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toraš(ke)jemə̑m | toraš(ke)-βlakə̑m | toraš(ke)-βlakemə̑m, toraš(ke)jem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toraš(ke)jemla, toraš(ke)lam | toraš(ke)-βlakla | toraš(ke)-βlakemla, toraš(ke)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toraš(ke)jemge | toraš(ke)-βlakge | toraš(ke)-βlakemge, toraš(ke)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toraš(ke)ə̑štem | toraš(ke)-βlakə̑šte | toraš(ke)-βlakə̑štem, toraš(ke)jem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toraš(ke)ə̑škem | toraš(ke)-βlakə̑š(ke) | toraš(ke)-βlakə̑škem, toraš(ke)jem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toraš(ke)ješem | toraš(ke)-βlakeš | toraš(ke)-βlakešem, toraš(ke)jem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||