Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ○ Nominal ● Verb ○ Postposition
Conjugation class: ● Determine from input ○ First ○ Second
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.


Indicative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:torfamom torf
2SG:torfatot torf
3SG:torfešok/ogeš torf
1PL:torfə̑naona/ogə̑na torf
2PL:torfə̑daoda/ogə̑da torf
3PL:torfə̑togə̑t torf

Indicative Simple Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:torfə̑mšə̑m torf
2SG:torfə̑č́šə̑č́ torf
3SG:torfoə̑š torf
1PL:torfnaə̑šna torf
2PL:torfdaə̑šda torf
3PL:torfə̑č́ə̑št torf

Indicative Simple Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:torfə̑namtorfə̑n omə̑l
2SG:torfə̑nattorfə̑n otə̑l
3SG:torfə̑ntorfə̑n ogə̑l
1PL:torfə̑nnatorfə̑n onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:torfə̑ndatorfə̑n odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:torfə̑nə̑ttorfə̑n ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:torfam ə̑l'eom torf ə̑l'e
2SG:torfat ə̑l'eot torf ə̑l'e
3SG:torfeš ə̑l'eok/ogeš torf ə̑l'e
1PL:torfə̑na ə̑l'eona/ogə̑na torf ə̑l'e
2PL:torfə̑da ə̑l'eoda/ogə̑da torf ə̑l'e
3PL:torfə̑t ə̑l'eogə̑t torf ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:torfam ulmašom torf ulmaš
2SG:torfat ulmašot torf ulmaš
3SG:torfeš ulmašok/ogeš torf ulmaš
1PL:torfə̑na ulmašona/ogə̑na torf ulmaš
2PL:torfə̑da ulmašoda/ogə̑da torf ulmaš
3PL:torfə̑t ulmašogə̑t torf ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

PositiveNegative
1SG:torfə̑nam ə̑l'etorfə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:torfə̑nat ə̑l'etorfə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:torfə̑n ə̑l'etorfə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:torfə̑nna ə̑l'etorfə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:torfə̑nda ə̑l'etorfə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:torfə̑nə̑t ə̑l'etorfə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

PositiveNegative
1SG:torfə̑nam ulmaštorfə̑n omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:torfə̑nat ulmaštorfə̑n otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:torfə̑n ulmaštorfə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:torfə̑nna ulmaštorfə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:torfə̑nda ulmaštorfə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:torfə̑nə̑t ulmaštorfə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:torfit torf
3SG:torfšoə̑nže torf
1PL:(torfə̑na)(ona/ogə̑na torf)
2PL:torfsaida torf
3PL:torfə̑štə̑nə̑št torf

Desiderative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:torfnemə̑nem torf
2SG:torfnetə̑net torf
3SG:torfnežeə̑než torf
1PL:torfnenaə̑nena torf
2PL:torfnedaə̑neda torf
3PL:torfneštə̑nešt torf

Desiderative Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:torfnem ə̑l'eə̑nem torf ə̑l'e
2SG:torfnena ə̑l'eə̑net torf ə̑l'e
3SG:torfneže ə̑l'eə̑než torf ə̑l'e
1PL:torfnena ə̑l'eə̑nena torf ə̑l'e
2PL:torfneda ə̑l'eə̑neda torf ə̑l'e
3PL:torfnešt ə̑l'eə̑nešt torf ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:torfnet ulmašə̑net torf ulmaš
3SG:torfneže ulmašə̑než torf ulmaš
1PL://
2PL:torfneda ulmašə̑neda torf ulmaš
3PL:torfnešt ulmašə̑nešt torf ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:torfaš
Necessitive infinitive:torfman
Active participle:torfšo
Passive participle:torfmo
Future-necessitive participle:torfšaš
Negative participle:torfdə̑mo
Affirmative instructive gerund:torfə̑n
Negative gerund:torfde
Gerund of prior action:torfmek(e)
Gerund of future action:torfmeš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:torfšə̑la
Nominalization:torfmaš
Negative nominalization:torfdə̑maš


Last update: 10 August 2023