Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkalmem | om toʃkalme |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmet | ot toʃkalme |
| 3SG: | toʃkalma | ok/ogeʃ toʃkalme |
| 1PL: | toʃkalmena | ona/ogəna toʃkalme |
| 2PL: | toʃkalmeda | oda/ogəda toʃkalme |
| 3PL: | toʃkalmat | ogət toʃkalme |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkalməʃəm | ʃəm toʃkalme |
| 2SG: | toʃkalməʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toʃkalme |
| 3SG: | toʃkalməʃ | əʃ toʃkalme |
| 1PL: | toʃkalməʃna | əʃna toʃkalme |
| 2PL: | toʃkalməʃda | əʃda toʃkalme |
| 3PL: | toʃkalməʃt | əʃt toʃkalme |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkalmenam | toʃkalmen oməl |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmenat | toʃkalmen otəl |
| 3SG: | toʃkalmen | toʃkalmen ogəl |
| 1PL: | toʃkalmenːa | toʃkalmen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toʃkalmenda | toʃkalmen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toʃkalmenət | toʃkalmen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkalmem əʎe | om toʃkalme əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmet əʎe | ot toʃkalme əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃkalma əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toʃkalme əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃkalmena əʎe | ona/ogəna toʃkalme əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃkalmeda əʎe | oda/ogəda toʃkalme əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃkalmat əʎe | ogət toʃkalme əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkalmem ulmaʃ | om toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmet ulmaʃ | ot toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃkalma ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃkalmena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃkalmeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃkalmat ulmaʃ | ogət toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkalmenam əʎe | toʃkalmen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmenat əʎe | toʃkalmen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃkalmen əʎe | toʃkalmen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃkalmenːa əʎe | toʃkalmen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃkalmenda əʎe | toʃkalmen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃkalmen əʎe | toʃkalmen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkalmenam ulmaʃ | toʃkalmen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmenat ulmaʃ | toʃkalmen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃkalmen ulmaʃ | toʃkalmen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃkalmenːa ulmaʃ | toʃkalmen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃkalmenda ulmaʃ | toʃkalmen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃkalmen ulmaʃ | toʃkalmen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃkalme | it toʃkalme |
| 3SG: | toʃkalməʒe | ənʒe toʃkalme |
| 1PL: | (toʃkalmena) | (ona/ogəna toʃkalme) |
| 2PL: | toʃkalməza | ida toʃkalme |
| 3PL: | toʃkalməʃt | ənəʃt toʃkalme |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkalmənem | ənem toʃkalme |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmənet | ənet toʃkalme |
| 3SG: | toʃkalməneʒe | əneʒ toʃkalme |
| 1PL: | toʃkalmənena | ənena toʃkalme |
| 2PL: | toʃkalməneda | əneda toʃkalme |
| 3PL: | toʃkalməneʃt | əneʃt toʃkalme |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toʃkalmənem əʎe | ənem toʃkalme əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmənena əʎe | ənet toʃkalme əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃkalməneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toʃkalme əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃkalmənena əʎe | ənena toʃkalme əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃkalməneda əʎe | əneda toʃkalme əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃkalməneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toʃkalme əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmənet ulmaʃ | ənet toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃkalməneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toʃkalməneda ulmaʃ | əneda toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃkalməneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toʃkalme ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toʃkalmaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toʃkalməman |
| Active participle: | toʃkalməʃe |
| Passive participle: | toʃkalməme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toʃkalməʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toʃkalmədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toʃkalmen |
| Negative gerund: | toʃkalməde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toʃkalməmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toʃkalməmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toʃkalməʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toʃkalməmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toʃkalmədəmaʃ |
