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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃtʃan |
| Genitive: | toʃtʃanən |
| Dative: | toʃtʃanlan |
| Accusative: | toʃtʃanəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtʃanla |
| Comitative: | toʃtʃange |
| Inessive: | toʃtʃanəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtʃanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtʃaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃtʃanem |
| 2SG: | toʃtʃanet |
| 3SG: | toʃtʃanʒe |
| 1PL: | toʃtʃanːa |
| 2PL: | toʃtʃanda |
| 3PL: | toʃtʃanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃtʃan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃtʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃtʃanla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtʃanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃtʃanem | toʃtʃan-βlak | toʃtʃan-βlakem, toʃtʃanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃtʃanemən | toʃtʃan-βlakən | toʃtʃan-βlakemən, toʃtʃanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃtʃanemlan, toʃtʃanlanem | toʃtʃan-βlaklan | toʃtʃan-βlakemlan, toʃtʃanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtʃaneməm | toʃtʃan-βlakəm | toʃtʃan-βlakeməm, toʃtʃanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtʃanemla, toʃtʃanlam | toʃtʃan-βlakla | toʃtʃan-βlakemla, toʃtʃanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃtʃanemge | toʃtʃan-βlakge | toʃtʃan-βlakemge, toʃtʃanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃtʃanəʃtem | toʃtʃan-βlakəʃte | toʃtʃan-βlakəʃtem, toʃtʃanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtʃanəʃkem | toʃtʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtʃan-βlakəʃkem, toʃtʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtʃaneʃem | toʃtʃan-βlakeʃ | toʃtʃan-βlakeʃem, toʃtʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||