Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tojanam | om tojan |
| 2SG: | tojanat | ot tojan |
| 3SG: | tojaneš | ok/ogeš tojan |
| 1PL: | tojanə̑na | ona/ogə̑na tojan |
| 2PL: | tojanə̑da | oda/ogə̑da tojan |
| 3PL: | tojanə̑t | ogə̑t tojan |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tojańə̑m | šə̑m tojan |
| 2SG: | tojańə̑č́ | šə̑č́ tojan |
| 3SG: | tojańe | ə̑š tojan |
| 1PL: | tojanna | ə̑šna tojan |
| 2PL: | tojanda | ə̑šda tojan |
| 3PL: | tojańə̑č́ | ə̑št tojan |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tojanə̑nam | tojanə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | tojanə̑nat | tojanə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | tojanə̑n | tojanə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | tojanə̑nna | tojanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | tojanə̑nda | tojanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | tojanə̑nə̑t | tojanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tojanam ə̑l'e | om tojan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tojanat ə̑l'e | ot tojan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tojaneš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš tojan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tojanə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na tojan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tojanə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da tojan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tojanə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t tojan ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tojanam ulmaš | om tojan ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tojanat ulmaš | ot tojan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tojaneš ulmaš | ok/ogeš tojan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tojanə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na tojan ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tojanə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da tojan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tojanə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t tojan ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tojanə̑nam ə̑l'e | tojanə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tojanə̑nat ə̑l'e | tojanə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tojanə̑n ə̑l'e | tojanə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tojanə̑nna ə̑l'e | tojanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tojanə̑nda ə̑l'e | tojanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tojanə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | tojanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tojanə̑nam ulmaš | tojanə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tojanə̑nat ulmaš | tojanə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tojanə̑n ulmaš | tojanə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tojanə̑nna ulmaš | tojanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tojanə̑nda ulmaš | tojanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tojanə̑nə̑t ulmaš | tojanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tojan | it tojan |
| 3SG: | tojanže | ə̑nže tojan |
| 1PL: | (tojanə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na tojan) |
| 2PL: | tojanza | ida tojan |
| 3PL: | tojanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št tojan |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tojannem | ə̑nem tojan |
| 2SG: | tojannet | ə̑net tojan |
| 3SG: | tojanneže | ə̑než tojan |
| 1PL: | tojannena | ə̑nena tojan |
| 2PL: | tojanneda | ə̑neda tojan |
| 3PL: | tojannešt | ə̑nešt tojan |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | tojannem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem tojan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tojannena ə̑l'e | ə̑net tojan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tojanneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než tojan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tojannena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena tojan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tojanneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda tojan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tojannešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt tojan ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tojannet ulmaš | ə̑net tojan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tojanneže ulmaš | ə̑než tojan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tojanneda ulmaš | ə̑neda tojan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tojannešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt tojan ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tojanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tojanman |
| Active participle: | tojanše |
| Passive participle: | tojanme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tojanšaš |
| Negative participle: | tojandə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | tojanə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | tojande |
| Gerund of prior action: | tojanmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tojanmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tojanšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | tojanmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | tojandə̑maš |
