Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ○ Nominal ● Verb ○ Postposition
Conjugation class: ● Determine from input ○ First ○ Second
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.


Indicative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:toŋgə̑lanamom toŋgə̑lan
2SG:toŋgə̑lanatot toŋgə̑lan
3SG:toŋgə̑lanešok/ogeš toŋgə̑lan
1PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑naona/ogə̑na toŋgə̑lan
2PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑daoda/ogə̑da toŋgə̑lan
3PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑togə̑t toŋgə̑lan

Indicative Simple Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:toŋgə̑lańə̑mšə̑m toŋgə̑lan
2SG:toŋgə̑lańə̑č́šə̑č́ toŋgə̑lan
3SG:toŋgə̑lańeə̑š toŋgə̑lan
1PL:toŋgə̑lannaə̑šna toŋgə̑lan
2PL:toŋgə̑landaə̑šda toŋgə̑lan
3PL:toŋgə̑lańə̑č́ə̑št toŋgə̑lan

Indicative Simple Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:toŋgə̑lanə̑namtoŋgə̑lanə̑n omə̑l
2SG:toŋgə̑lanə̑nattoŋgə̑lanə̑n otə̑l
3SG:toŋgə̑lanə̑ntoŋgə̑lanə̑n ogə̑l
1PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑nnatoŋgə̑lanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑ndatoŋgə̑lanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑nə̑ttoŋgə̑lanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:toŋgə̑lanam ə̑l'eom toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
2SG:toŋgə̑lanat ə̑l'eot toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
3SG:toŋgə̑laneš ə̑l'eok/ogeš toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
1PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑na ə̑l'eona/ogə̑na toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
2PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑da ə̑l'eoda/ogə̑da toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
3PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑t ə̑l'eogə̑t toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:toŋgə̑lanam ulmašom toŋgə̑lan ulmaš
2SG:toŋgə̑lanat ulmašot toŋgə̑lan ulmaš
3SG:toŋgə̑laneš ulmašok/ogeš toŋgə̑lan ulmaš
1PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑na ulmašona/ogə̑na toŋgə̑lan ulmaš
2PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑da ulmašoda/ogə̑da toŋgə̑lan ulmaš
3PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑t ulmašogə̑t toŋgə̑lan ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

PositiveNegative
1SG:toŋgə̑lanə̑nam ə̑l'etoŋgə̑lanə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:toŋgə̑lanə̑nat ə̑l'etoŋgə̑lanə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:toŋgə̑lanə̑n ə̑l'etoŋgə̑lanə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑nna ə̑l'etoŋgə̑lanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑nda ə̑l'etoŋgə̑lanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑nə̑t ə̑l'etoŋgə̑lanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

PositiveNegative
1SG:toŋgə̑lanə̑nam ulmaštoŋgə̑lanə̑n omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:toŋgə̑lanə̑nat ulmaštoŋgə̑lanə̑n otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:toŋgə̑lanə̑n ulmaštoŋgə̑lanə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑nna ulmaštoŋgə̑lanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑nda ulmaštoŋgə̑lanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑nə̑t ulmaštoŋgə̑lanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:toŋgə̑lanit toŋgə̑lan
3SG:toŋgə̑lanžeə̑nže toŋgə̑lan
1PL:(toŋgə̑lanə̑na)(ona/ogə̑na toŋgə̑lan)
2PL:toŋgə̑lanzaida toŋgə̑lan
3PL:toŋgə̑lanə̑štə̑nə̑št toŋgə̑lan

Desiderative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:toŋgə̑lannemə̑nem toŋgə̑lan
2SG:toŋgə̑lannetə̑net toŋgə̑lan
3SG:toŋgə̑lannežeə̑než toŋgə̑lan
1PL:toŋgə̑lannenaə̑nena toŋgə̑lan
2PL:toŋgə̑lannedaə̑neda toŋgə̑lan
3PL:toŋgə̑lanneštə̑nešt toŋgə̑lan

Desiderative Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:toŋgə̑lannem ə̑l'eə̑nem toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
2SG:toŋgə̑lannena ə̑l'eə̑net toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
3SG:toŋgə̑lanneže ə̑l'eə̑než toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
1PL:toŋgə̑lannena ə̑l'eə̑nena toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
2PL:toŋgə̑lanneda ə̑l'eə̑neda toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e
3PL:toŋgə̑lannešt ə̑l'eə̑nešt toŋgə̑lan ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:toŋgə̑lannet ulmašə̑net toŋgə̑lan ulmaš
3SG:toŋgə̑lanneže ulmašə̑než toŋgə̑lan ulmaš
1PL://
2PL:toŋgə̑lanneda ulmašə̑neda toŋgə̑lan ulmaš
3PL:toŋgə̑lannešt ulmašə̑nešt toŋgə̑lan ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:toŋgə̑lanaš
Necessitive infinitive:toŋgə̑lanman
Active participle:toŋgə̑lanše
Passive participle:toŋgə̑lanme
Future-necessitive participle:toŋgə̑lanšaš
Negative participle:toŋgə̑landə̑me
Affirmative instructive gerund:toŋgə̑lanə̑n
Negative gerund:toŋgə̑lande
Gerund of prior action:toŋgə̑lanmek(e)
Gerund of future action:toŋgə̑lanmeš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:toŋgə̑lanšə̑la
Nominalization:toŋgə̑lanmaš
Negative nominalization:toŋgə̑landə̑maš


Last update: 10 August 2023