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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgə̑la |
| Genitive: | toŋgə̑lan |
| Dative: | toŋgə̑lalan |
| Accusative: | toŋgə̑lam |
| Comparative: | toŋgə̑lala |
| Comitative: | toŋgə̑lage |
| Inessive: | toŋgə̑lašte |
| Illative: | toŋgə̑laš(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgə̑laš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑lam |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑lat |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑laž(e) |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑lana |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑lada |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑lašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgə̑la-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgə̑la-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgə̑lala |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgə̑lamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgə̑lam | toŋgə̑la-βlak | toŋgə̑la-βlakem, toŋgə̑lam-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgə̑lamə̑n | toŋgə̑la-βlakə̑n | toŋgə̑la-βlakemə̑n, toŋgə̑lam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toŋgə̑lamlan, toŋgə̑lalanem | toŋgə̑la-βlaklan | toŋgə̑la-βlakemlan, toŋgə̑lam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgə̑lamə̑m | toŋgə̑la-βlakə̑m | toŋgə̑la-βlakemə̑m, toŋgə̑lam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toŋgə̑lamla, toŋgə̑lalam | toŋgə̑la-βlakla | toŋgə̑la-βlakemla, toŋgə̑lam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgə̑lamge | toŋgə̑la-βlakge | toŋgə̑la-βlakemge, toŋgə̑lam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgə̑laštem | toŋgə̑la-βlakə̑šte | toŋgə̑la-βlakə̑štem, toŋgə̑lam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toŋgə̑laškem | toŋgə̑la-βlakə̑š(ke) | toŋgə̑la-βlakə̑škem, toŋgə̑lam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgə̑lašem | toŋgə̑la-βlakeš | toŋgə̑la-βlakešem, toŋgə̑lam-βlakeš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||