Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ○ Nominal ● Verb ○ Postposition
Conjugation class: ● Determine from input ○ First ○ Second
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.


Indicative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:toβə̑kamom toβə̑k
2SG:toβə̑katot toβə̑k
3SG:toβə̑kešok/ogeš toβə̑k
1PL:toβə̑kə̑naona/ogə̑na toβə̑k
2PL:toβə̑kə̑daoda/ogə̑da toβə̑k
3PL:toβə̑kə̑togə̑t toβə̑k

Indicative Simple Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:toβə̑kə̑mšə̑m toβə̑k
2SG:toβə̑kə̑č́šə̑č́ toβə̑k
3SG:toβə̑koə̑š toβə̑k
1PL:toβə̑knaə̑šna toβə̑k
2PL:toβə̑kdaə̑šda toβə̑k
3PL:toβə̑kə̑č́ə̑št toβə̑k

Indicative Simple Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:toβə̑kə̑namtoβə̑kə̑n omə̑l
2SG:toβə̑kə̑nattoβə̑kə̑n otə̑l
3SG:toβə̑kə̑ntoβə̑kə̑n ogə̑l
1PL:toβə̑kə̑nnatoβə̑kə̑n onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:toβə̑kə̑ndatoβə̑kə̑n odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:toβə̑kə̑nə̑ttoβə̑kə̑n ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:toβə̑kam ə̑l'eom toβə̑k ə̑l'e
2SG:toβə̑kat ə̑l'eot toβə̑k ə̑l'e
3SG:toβə̑keš ə̑l'eok/ogeš toβə̑k ə̑l'e
1PL:toβə̑kə̑na ə̑l'eona/ogə̑na toβə̑k ə̑l'e
2PL:toβə̑kə̑da ə̑l'eoda/ogə̑da toβə̑k ə̑l'e
3PL:toβə̑kə̑t ə̑l'eogə̑t toβə̑k ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:toβə̑kam ulmašom toβə̑k ulmaš
2SG:toβə̑kat ulmašot toβə̑k ulmaš
3SG:toβə̑keš ulmašok/ogeš toβə̑k ulmaš
1PL:toβə̑kə̑na ulmašona/ogə̑na toβə̑k ulmaš
2PL:toβə̑kə̑da ulmašoda/ogə̑da toβə̑k ulmaš
3PL:toβə̑kə̑t ulmašogə̑t toβə̑k ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

PositiveNegative
1SG:toβə̑kə̑nam ə̑l'etoβə̑kə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:toβə̑kə̑nat ə̑l'etoβə̑kə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:toβə̑kə̑n ə̑l'etoβə̑kə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:toβə̑kə̑nna ə̑l'etoβə̑kə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:toβə̑kə̑nda ə̑l'etoβə̑kə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:toβə̑kə̑nə̑t ə̑l'etoβə̑kə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

PositiveNegative
1SG:toβə̑kə̑nam ulmaštoβə̑kə̑n omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:toβə̑kə̑nat ulmaštoβə̑kə̑n otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:toβə̑kə̑n ulmaštoβə̑kə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:toβə̑kə̑nna ulmaštoβə̑kə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:toβə̑kə̑nda ulmaštoβə̑kə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:toβə̑kə̑nə̑t ulmaštoβə̑kə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:toβə̑kit toβə̑k
3SG:toβə̑kšoə̑nže toβə̑k
1PL:(toβə̑kə̑na)(ona/ogə̑na toβə̑k)
2PL:toβə̑ksaida toβə̑k
3PL:toβə̑kə̑štə̑nə̑št toβə̑k

Desiderative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:toβə̑knemə̑nem toβə̑k
2SG:toβə̑knetə̑net toβə̑k
3SG:toβə̑knežeə̑než toβə̑k
1PL:toβə̑knenaə̑nena toβə̑k
2PL:toβə̑knedaə̑neda toβə̑k
3PL:toβə̑kneštə̑nešt toβə̑k

Desiderative Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:toβə̑knem ə̑l'eə̑nem toβə̑k ə̑l'e
2SG:toβə̑knena ə̑l'eə̑net toβə̑k ə̑l'e
3SG:toβə̑kneže ə̑l'eə̑než toβə̑k ə̑l'e
1PL:toβə̑knena ə̑l'eə̑nena toβə̑k ə̑l'e
2PL:toβə̑kneda ə̑l'eə̑neda toβə̑k ə̑l'e
3PL:toβə̑knešt ə̑l'eə̑nešt toβə̑k ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:toβə̑knet ulmašə̑net toβə̑k ulmaš
3SG:toβə̑kneže ulmašə̑než toβə̑k ulmaš
1PL://
2PL:toβə̑kneda ulmašə̑neda toβə̑k ulmaš
3PL:toβə̑knešt ulmašə̑nešt toβə̑k ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:toβə̑kaš
Necessitive infinitive:toβə̑kman
Active participle:toβə̑kšo
Passive participle:toβə̑kmo
Future-necessitive participle:toβə̑kšaš
Negative participle:toβə̑kdə̑mo
Affirmative instructive gerund:toβə̑kə̑n
Negative gerund:toβə̑kde
Gerund of prior action:toβə̑kmek(e)
Gerund of future action:toβə̑kmeš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:toβə̑kšə̑la
Nominalization:toβə̑kmaš
Negative nominalization:toβə̑kdə̑maš


Last update: 10 August 2023