Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topol'am | om topol' |
| 2SG: | topol'at | ot topol' |
| 3SG: | topol'eš | ok/ogeš topol' |
| 1PL: | topol'ə̑na | ona/ogə̑na topol' |
| 2PL: | topol'ə̑da | oda/ogə̑da topol' |
| 3PL: | topol'ə̑t | ogə̑t topol' |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topol'ə̑m | šə̑m topol' |
| 2SG: | topol'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topol' |
| 3SG: | topol'o | ə̑š topol' |
| 1PL: | topol'na | ə̑šna topol' |
| 2PL: | topol'da | ə̑šda topol' |
| 3PL: | topol'ə̑č́ | ə̑št topol' |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topol'ə̑nam | topol'ə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topol'ə̑nat | topol'ə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topol'ə̑n | topol'ə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topol'ə̑nna | topol'ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topol'ə̑nda | topol'ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topol'ə̑nə̑t | topol'ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topol'am ə̑l'e | om topol' ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topol'at ə̑l'e | ot topol' ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topol'eš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topol' ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topol'ə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topol' ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topol'ə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topol' ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topol'ə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topol' ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topol'am ulmaš | om topol' ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topol'at ulmaš | ot topol' ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topol'eš ulmaš | ok/ogeš topol' ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topol'ə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topol' ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topol'ə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topol' ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topol'ə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t topol' ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topol'ə̑nam ə̑l'e | topol'ə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topol'ə̑nat ə̑l'e | topol'ə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topol'ə̑n ə̑l'e | topol'ə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topol'ə̑nna ə̑l'e | topol'ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topol'ə̑nda ə̑l'e | topol'ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topol'ə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | topol'ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topol'ə̑nam ulmaš | topol'ə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topol'ə̑nat ulmaš | topol'ə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topol'ə̑n ulmaš | topol'ə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topol'ə̑nna ulmaš | topol'ə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topol'ə̑nda ulmaš | topol'ə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topol'ə̑nə̑t ulmaš | topol'ə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topol' | it topol' |
| 3SG: | topol'žo | ə̑nže topol' |
| 1PL: | (topol'ə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na topol') |
| 2PL: | topol'za | ida topol' |
| 3PL: | topol'ə̑št | ə̑nə̑št topol' |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topol'nem | ə̑nem topol' |
| 2SG: | topol'net | ə̑net topol' |
| 3SG: | topol'neže | ə̑než topol' |
| 1PL: | topol'nena | ə̑nena topol' |
| 2PL: | topol'neda | ə̑neda topol' |
| 3PL: | topol'nešt | ə̑nešt topol' |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topol'nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topol' ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topol'nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topol' ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topol'neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topol' ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topol'nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topol' ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topol'neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topol' ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topol'nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topol' ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topol'net ulmaš | ə̑net topol' ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topol'neže ulmaš | ə̑než topol' ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topol'neda ulmaš | ə̑neda topol' ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topol'nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topol' ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topol'aš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topol'man |
| Active participle: | topol'šo |
| Passive participle: | topol'mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topol'šaš |
| Negative participle: | topol'də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topol'ə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | topol'de |
| Gerund of prior action: | topol'mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topol'meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topol'šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topol'maš |
| Negative nominalization: | topol'də̑maš |
