Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topoʎam | om topoʎ |
| 2SG: | topoʎat | ot topoʎ |
| 3SG: | topoʎeʃ | ok/ogeʃ topoʎ |
| 1PL: | topoʎəna | ona/ogəna topoʎ |
| 2PL: | topoʎəda | oda/ogəda topoʎ |
| 3PL: | topoʎət | ogət topoʎ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topoʎəm | ʃəm topoʎ |
| 2SG: | topoʎət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ topoʎ |
| 3SG: | topoʎo | əʃ topoʎ |
| 1PL: | topoʎna | əʃna topoʎ |
| 2PL: | topoʎda | əʃda topoʎ |
| 3PL: | topoʎət͡ɕ | əʃt topoʎ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topoʎənam | topoʎən oməl |
| 2SG: | topoʎənat | topoʎən otəl |
| 3SG: | topoʎən | topoʎən ogəl |
| 1PL: | topoʎənːa | topoʎən onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | topoʎənda | topoʎən odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | topoʎənət | topoʎən ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topoʎam əʎe | om topoʎ əʎe |
| 2SG: | topoʎat əʎe | ot topoʎ əʎe |
| 3SG: | topoʎeʃ əʎe | ok/ogeʃ topoʎ əʎe |
| 1PL: | topoʎəna əʎe | ona/ogəna topoʎ əʎe |
| 2PL: | topoʎəda əʎe | oda/ogəda topoʎ əʎe |
| 3PL: | topoʎət əʎe | ogət topoʎ əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topoʎam ulmaʃ | om topoʎ ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | topoʎat ulmaʃ | ot topoʎ ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | topoʎeʃ ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ topoʎ ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | topoʎəna ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna topoʎ ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | topoʎəda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda topoʎ ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | topoʎət ulmaʃ | ogət topoʎ ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topoʎənam əʎe | topoʎən oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | topoʎənat əʎe | topoʎən otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | topoʎən əʎe | topoʎən ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | topoʎənːa əʎe | topoʎən onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | topoʎənda əʎe | topoʎən odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | topoʎənət əʎe | topoʎən ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topoʎənam ulmaʃ | topoʎən oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | topoʎənat ulmaʃ | topoʎən otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | topoʎən ulmaʃ | topoʎən ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | topoʎənːa ulmaʃ | topoʎən onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | topoʎənda ulmaʃ | topoʎən odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | topoʎənət ulmaʃ | topoʎən ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topoʎ | it topoʎ |
| 3SG: | topoʎʒo | ənʒe topoʎ |
| 1PL: | (topoʎəna) | (ona/ogəna topoʎ) |
| 2PL: | topoʎza | ida topoʎ |
| 3PL: | topoʎəʃt | ənəʃt topoʎ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topoʎnem | ənem topoʎ |
| 2SG: | topoʎnet | ənet topoʎ |
| 3SG: | topoʎneʒe | əneʒ topoʎ |
| 1PL: | topoʎnena | ənena topoʎ |
| 2PL: | topoʎneda | əneda topoʎ |
| 3PL: | topoʎneʃt | əneʃt topoʎ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topoʎnem əʎe | ənem topoʎ əʎe |
| 2SG: | topoʎnena əʎe | ənet topoʎ əʎe |
| 3SG: | topoʎneʒe əʎe | əneʒ topoʎ əʎe |
| 1PL: | topoʎnena əʎe | ənena topoʎ əʎe |
| 2PL: | topoʎneda əʎe | əneda topoʎ əʎe |
| 3PL: | topoʎneʃt əʎe | əneʃt topoʎ əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topoʎnet ulmaʃ | ənet topoʎ ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | topoʎneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ topoʎ ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topoʎneda ulmaʃ | əneda topoʎ ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | topoʎneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt topoʎ ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topoʎaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topoʎman |
| Active participle: | topoʎʃo |
| Passive participle: | topoʎmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topoʎʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | topoʎdəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topoʎən |
| Negative gerund: | topoʎde |
| Gerund of prior action: | topoʎmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topoʎmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topoʎʃəla |
| Nominalization: | topoʎmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | topoʎdəmaʃ |
