Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tot͡ɕkem | om tot͡ɕko |
2SG: | tot͡ɕket | ot tot͡ɕko |
3SG: | tot͡ɕka | ok/ogeʃ tot͡ɕko |
1PL: | tot͡ɕkena | ona/ogəna tot͡ɕko |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkeda | oda/ogəda tot͡ɕko |
3PL: | tot͡ɕkat | ogət tot͡ɕko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tot͡ɕkəʃəm | ʃəm tot͡ɕko |
2SG: | tot͡ɕkəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ tot͡ɕko |
3SG: | tot͡ɕkəʃ | əʃ tot͡ɕko |
1PL: | tot͡ɕkəʃna | əʃna tot͡ɕko |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkəʃda | əʃda tot͡ɕko |
3PL: | tot͡ɕkəʃt | əʃt tot͡ɕko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tot͡ɕkenam | tot͡ɕken oməl |
2SG: | tot͡ɕkenat | tot͡ɕken otəl |
3SG: | tot͡ɕken | tot͡ɕken ogəl |
1PL: | tot͡ɕkenːa | tot͡ɕken onal/ogənal |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkenda | tot͡ɕken odal/ogədal |
3PL: | tot͡ɕkenət | tot͡ɕken ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tot͡ɕkem əʎe | om tot͡ɕko əʎe |
2SG: | tot͡ɕket əʎe | ot tot͡ɕko əʎe |
3SG: | tot͡ɕka əʎe | ok/ogeʃ tot͡ɕko əʎe |
1PL: | tot͡ɕkena əʎe | ona/ogəna tot͡ɕko əʎe |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkeda əʎe | oda/ogəda tot͡ɕko əʎe |
3PL: | tot͡ɕkat əʎe | ogət tot͡ɕko əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tot͡ɕkem ulmaʃ | om tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
2SG: | tot͡ɕket ulmaʃ | ot tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
3SG: | tot͡ɕka ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
1PL: | tot͡ɕkena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
3PL: | tot͡ɕkat ulmaʃ | ogət tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tot͡ɕkenam əʎe | tot͡ɕken oməl əʎe |
2SG: | tot͡ɕkenat əʎe | tot͡ɕken otəl əʎe |
3SG: | tot͡ɕken əʎe | tot͡ɕken ogəl əʎe |
1PL: | tot͡ɕkenːa əʎe | tot͡ɕken onal/ogənal əʎe |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkenda əʎe | tot͡ɕken odal/ogədal əʎe |
3PL: | tot͡ɕken əʎe | tot͡ɕken ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tot͡ɕkenam ulmaʃ | tot͡ɕken oməl ulmaʃ |
2SG: | tot͡ɕkenat ulmaʃ | tot͡ɕken otəl ulmaʃ |
3SG: | tot͡ɕken ulmaʃ | tot͡ɕken ogəl ulmaʃ |
1PL: | tot͡ɕkenːa ulmaʃ | tot͡ɕken onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkenda ulmaʃ | tot͡ɕken odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
3PL: | tot͡ɕken ulmaʃ | tot͡ɕken ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | tot͡ɕko | it tot͡ɕko |
3SG: | tot͡ɕkəʒo | ənʒe tot͡ɕko |
1PL: | (tot͡ɕkena) | (ona/ogəna tot͡ɕko) |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkəza | ida tot͡ɕko |
3PL: | tot͡ɕkəʃt | ənəʃt tot͡ɕko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tot͡ɕkənem | ənem tot͡ɕko |
2SG: | tot͡ɕkənet | ənet tot͡ɕko |
3SG: | tot͡ɕkəneʒe | əneʒ tot͡ɕko |
1PL: | tot͡ɕkənena | ənena tot͡ɕko |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkəneda | əneda tot͡ɕko |
3PL: | tot͡ɕkəneʃt | əneʃt tot͡ɕko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | tot͡ɕkənem əʎe | ənem tot͡ɕko əʎe |
2SG: | tot͡ɕkənena əʎe | ənet tot͡ɕko əʎe |
3SG: | tot͡ɕkəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ tot͡ɕko əʎe |
1PL: | tot͡ɕkənena əʎe | ənena tot͡ɕko əʎe |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkəneda əʎe | əneda tot͡ɕko əʎe |
3PL: | tot͡ɕkəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt tot͡ɕko əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | tot͡ɕkənet ulmaʃ | ənet tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
3SG: | tot͡ɕkəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | tot͡ɕkəneda ulmaʃ | əneda tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
3PL: | tot͡ɕkəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt tot͡ɕko ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | tot͡ɕkaʃ |
Necessitive infinitive: | tot͡ɕkəman |
Active participle: | tot͡ɕkəʃo |
Passive participle: | tot͡ɕkəmo |
Future-necessitive participle: | tot͡ɕkəʃaʃ |
Negative participle: | tot͡ɕkədəmo |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | tot͡ɕken |
Negative gerund: | tot͡ɕkəde |
Gerund of prior action: | tot͡ɕkəmek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | tot͡ɕkəmeʃ(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | tot͡ɕkəʃəla |
Nominalization: | tot͡ɕkəmaʃ |
Negative nominalization: | tot͡ɕkədəmaʃ |