Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | trefam | om tref |
| 2SG: | trefat | ot tref |
| 3SG: | trefeš | ok/ogeš tref |
| 1PL: | trefə̑na | ona/ogə̑na tref |
| 2PL: | trefə̑da | oda/ogə̑da tref |
| 3PL: | trefə̑t | ogə̑t tref |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | trefə̑m | šə̑m tref |
| 2SG: | trefə̑č́ | šə̑č́ tref |
| 3SG: | trefe | ə̑š tref |
| 1PL: | trefna | ə̑šna tref |
| 2PL: | trefda | ə̑šda tref |
| 3PL: | trefə̑č́ | ə̑št tref |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | trefə̑nam | trefə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | trefə̑nat | trefə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | trefə̑n | trefə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | trefə̑nna | trefə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | trefə̑nda | trefə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | trefə̑nə̑t | trefə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | trefam ə̑l'e | om tref ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | trefat ə̑l'e | ot tref ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | trefeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš tref ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | trefə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na tref ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | trefə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da tref ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | trefə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t tref ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | trefam ulmaš | om tref ulmaš |
| 2SG: | trefat ulmaš | ot tref ulmaš |
| 3SG: | trefeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš tref ulmaš |
| 1PL: | trefə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na tref ulmaš |
| 2PL: | trefə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da tref ulmaš |
| 3PL: | trefə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t tref ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | trefə̑nam ə̑l'e | trefə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | trefə̑nat ə̑l'e | trefə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | trefə̑n ə̑l'e | trefə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | trefə̑nna ə̑l'e | trefə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | trefə̑nda ə̑l'e | trefə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | trefə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | trefə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | trefə̑nam ulmaš | trefə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | trefə̑nat ulmaš | trefə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | trefə̑n ulmaš | trefə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | trefə̑nna ulmaš | trefə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | trefə̑nda ulmaš | trefə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | trefə̑nə̑t ulmaš | trefə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tref | it tref |
| 3SG: | trefše | ə̑nže tref |
| 1PL: | (trefə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na tref) |
| 2PL: | trefsa | ida tref |
| 3PL: | trefə̑št | ə̑nə̑št tref |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | trefnem | ə̑nem tref |
| 2SG: | trefnet | ə̑net tref |
| 3SG: | trefneže | ə̑než tref |
| 1PL: | trefnena | ə̑nena tref |
| 2PL: | trefneda | ə̑neda tref |
| 3PL: | trefnešt | ə̑nešt tref |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | trefnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem tref ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | trefnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net tref ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | trefneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než tref ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | trefnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena tref ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | trefneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda tref ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | trefnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt tref ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | trefnet ulmaš | ə̑net tref ulmaš |
| 3SG: | trefneže ulmaš | ə̑než tref ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | trefneda ulmaš | ə̑neda tref ulmaš |
| 3PL: | trefnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt tref ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | trefaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | trefman |
| Active participle: | trefše |
| Passive participle: | trefme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | trefšaš |
| Negative participle: | trefdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | trefə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | trefde |
| Gerund of prior action: | trefmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | trefmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | trefšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | trefmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | trefdə̑maš |
