Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ceṕam | om ceṕ |
| 2SG: | ceṕat | ot ceṕ |
| 3SG: | ceṕeš | ok/ogeš ceṕ |
| 1PL: | ceṕə̑na | ona/ogə̑na ceṕ |
| 2PL: | ceṕə̑da | oda/ogə̑da ceṕ |
| 3PL: | ceṕə̑t | ogə̑t ceṕ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ceṕə̑m | šə̑m ceṕ |
| 2SG: | ceṕə̑č́ | šə̑č́ ceṕ |
| 3SG: | ceṕe | ə̑š ceṕ |
| 1PL: | ceṕna | ə̑šna ceṕ |
| 2PL: | ceṕda | ə̑šda ceṕ |
| 3PL: | ceṕə̑č́ | ə̑št ceṕ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ceṕə̑nam | ceṕə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | ceṕə̑nat | ceṕə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | ceṕə̑n | ceṕə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | ceṕə̑nna | ceṕə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | ceṕə̑nda | ceṕə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | ceṕə̑nə̑t | ceṕə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ceṕam ə̑l'e | om ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ceṕat ə̑l'e | ot ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ceṕeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ceṕə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ceṕə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ceṕə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t ceṕ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ceṕam ulmaš | om ceṕ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ceṕat ulmaš | ot ceṕ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ceṕeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš ceṕ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ceṕə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na ceṕ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ceṕə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da ceṕ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ceṕə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t ceṕ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ceṕə̑nam ə̑l'e | ceṕə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ceṕə̑nat ə̑l'e | ceṕə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ceṕə̑n ə̑l'e | ceṕə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ceṕə̑nna ə̑l'e | ceṕə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ceṕə̑nda ə̑l'e | ceṕə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ceṕə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | ceṕə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ceṕə̑nam ulmaš | ceṕə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ceṕə̑nat ulmaš | ceṕə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ceṕə̑n ulmaš | ceṕə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ceṕə̑nna ulmaš | ceṕə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ceṕə̑nda ulmaš | ceṕə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ceṕə̑nə̑t ulmaš | ceṕə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ceṕ | it ceṕ |
| 3SG: | ceṕše | ə̑nže ceṕ |
| 1PL: | (ceṕə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na ceṕ) |
| 2PL: | ceṕsa | ida ceṕ |
| 3PL: | ceṕə̑št | ə̑nə̑št ceṕ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ceṕnem | ə̑nem ceṕ |
| 2SG: | ceṕnet | ə̑net ceṕ |
| 3SG: | ceṕneže | ə̑než ceṕ |
| 1PL: | ceṕnena | ə̑nena ceṕ |
| 2PL: | ceṕneda | ə̑neda ceṕ |
| 3PL: | ceṕnešt | ə̑nešt ceṕ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | ceṕnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ceṕnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ceṕneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ceṕnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ceṕneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda ceṕ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ceṕnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt ceṕ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ceṕnet ulmaš | ə̑net ceṕ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ceṕneže ulmaš | ə̑než ceṕ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ceṕneda ulmaš | ə̑neda ceṕ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ceṕnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt ceṕ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ceṕaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ceṕman |
| Active participle: | ceṕše |
| Passive participle: | ceṕme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ceṕšaš |
| Negative participle: | ceṕdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ceṕə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | ceṕde |
| Gerund of prior action: | ceṕmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ceṕmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ceṕšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | ceṕmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | ceṕdə̑maš |
