Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | cirkam | om cirk |
| 2SG: | cirkat | ot cirk |
| 3SG: | cirkeš | ok/ogeš cirk |
| 1PL: | cirkə̑na | ona/ogə̑na cirk |
| 2PL: | cirkə̑da | oda/ogə̑da cirk |
| 3PL: | cirkə̑t | ogə̑t cirk |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | cirkə̑m | šə̑m cirk |
| 2SG: | cirkə̑č́ | šə̑č́ cirk |
| 3SG: | cirke | ə̑š cirk |
| 1PL: | cirkna | ə̑šna cirk |
| 2PL: | cirkda | ə̑šda cirk |
| 3PL: | cirkə̑č́ | ə̑št cirk |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | cirkə̑nam | cirkə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | cirkə̑nat | cirkə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | cirkə̑n | cirkə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | cirkə̑nna | cirkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | cirkə̑nda | cirkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | cirkə̑nə̑t | cirkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | cirkam ə̑l'e | om cirk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | cirkat ə̑l'e | ot cirk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | cirkeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš cirk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | cirkə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na cirk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | cirkə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da cirk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | cirkə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t cirk ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | cirkam ulmaš | om cirk ulmaš |
| 2SG: | cirkat ulmaš | ot cirk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | cirkeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš cirk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | cirkə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na cirk ulmaš |
| 2PL: | cirkə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da cirk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | cirkə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t cirk ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | cirkə̑nam ə̑l'e | cirkə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | cirkə̑nat ə̑l'e | cirkə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | cirkə̑n ə̑l'e | cirkə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | cirkə̑nna ə̑l'e | cirkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | cirkə̑nda ə̑l'e | cirkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | cirkə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | cirkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | cirkə̑nam ulmaš | cirkə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | cirkə̑nat ulmaš | cirkə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | cirkə̑n ulmaš | cirkə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | cirkə̑nna ulmaš | cirkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | cirkə̑nda ulmaš | cirkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | cirkə̑nə̑t ulmaš | cirkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | cirk | it cirk |
| 3SG: | cirkše | ə̑nže cirk |
| 1PL: | (cirkə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na cirk) |
| 2PL: | cirksa | ida cirk |
| 3PL: | cirkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št cirk |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | cirknem | ə̑nem cirk |
| 2SG: | cirknet | ə̑net cirk |
| 3SG: | cirkneže | ə̑než cirk |
| 1PL: | cirknena | ə̑nena cirk |
| 2PL: | cirkneda | ə̑neda cirk |
| 3PL: | cirknešt | ə̑nešt cirk |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | cirknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem cirk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | cirknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net cirk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | cirkneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než cirk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | cirknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena cirk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | cirkneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda cirk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | cirknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt cirk ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | cirknet ulmaš | ə̑net cirk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | cirkneže ulmaš | ə̑než cirk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | cirkneda ulmaš | ə̑neda cirk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | cirknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt cirk ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | cirkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | cirkman |
| Active participle: | cirkše |
| Passive participle: | cirkme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | cirkšaš |
| Negative participle: | cirkdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | cirkə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | cirkde |
| Gerund of prior action: | cirkmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | cirkmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | cirkšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | cirkmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | cirkdə̑maš |
