Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́apküam | om č́apkü |
| 2SG: | č́apküat | ot č́apkü |
| 3SG: | č́apküeš | ok/ogeš č́apkü |
| 1PL: | č́apküə̑na | ona/ogə̑na č́apkü |
| 2PL: | č́apküə̑da | oda/ogə̑da č́apkü |
| 3PL: | č́apküə̑t | ogə̑t č́apkü |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́apküə̑m | šə̑m č́apkü |
| 2SG: | č́apküə̑č́ | šə̑č́ č́apkü |
| 3SG: | č́apküö | ə̑š č́apkü |
| 1PL: | č́apküna | ə̑šna č́apkü |
| 2PL: | č́apküda | ə̑šda č́apkü |
| 3PL: | č́apküə̑č́ | ə̑št č́apkü |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́apküə̑nam | č́apküə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | č́apküə̑nat | č́apküə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | č́apküə̑n | č́apküə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | č́apküə̑nna | č́apküə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | č́apküə̑nda | č́apküə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | č́apküə̑nə̑t | č́apküə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́apküam ə̑l'e | om č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́apküat ə̑l'e | ot č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́apküeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́apküə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́apküə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́apküə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t č́apkü ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́apküam ulmaš | om č́apkü ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́apküat ulmaš | ot č́apkü ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́apküeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš č́apkü ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́apküə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na č́apkü ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́apküə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da č́apkü ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́apküə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t č́apkü ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́apküə̑nam ə̑l'e | č́apküə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́apküə̑nat ə̑l'e | č́apküə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́apküə̑n ə̑l'e | č́apküə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́apküə̑nna ə̑l'e | č́apküə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́apküə̑nda ə̑l'e | č́apküə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́apküə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | č́apküə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́apküə̑nam ulmaš | č́apküə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́apküə̑nat ulmaš | č́apküə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́apküə̑n ulmaš | č́apküə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́apküə̑nna ulmaš | č́apküə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́apküə̑nda ulmaš | č́apküə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́apküə̑nə̑t ulmaš | č́apküə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́apkü | it č́apkü |
| 3SG: | č́apküžö | ə̑nže č́apkü |
| 1PL: | (č́apküə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na č́apkü) |
| 2PL: | č́apküza | ida č́apkü |
| 3PL: | č́apküšt | ə̑nə̑št č́apkü |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́apkünem | ə̑nem č́apkü |
| 2SG: | č́apkünet | ə̑net č́apkü |
| 3SG: | č́apküneže | ə̑než č́apkü |
| 1PL: | č́apkünena | ə̑nena č́apkü |
| 2PL: | č́apküneda | ə̑neda č́apkü |
| 3PL: | č́apkünešt | ə̑nešt č́apkü |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | č́apkünem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́apkünena ə̑l'e | ə̑net č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́apküneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́apkünena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́apküneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda č́apkü ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́apkünešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt č́apkü ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́apkünet ulmaš | ə̑net č́apkü ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́apküneže ulmaš | ə̑než č́apkü ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | č́apküneda ulmaš | ə̑neda č́apkü ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́apkünešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt č́apkü ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | č́apküaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | č́apküman |
| Active participle: | č́apküšö |
| Passive participle: | č́apkümö |
| Future-necessitive participle: | č́apküšaš |
| Negative participle: | č́apküdə̑mö |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | č́apküə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | č́apküde |
| Gerund of prior action: | č́apkümek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | č́apkümeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | č́apküšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | č́apkümaš |
| Negative nominalization: | č́apküdə̑maš |
