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Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapalge-joškargem | om šapalge-joškarge |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškarget | ot šapalge-joškarge |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškarga | ok/ogeš šapalge-joškarge |
| 1PL: | šapalge-joškargena | ona/ogə̑na šapalge-joškarge |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargeda | oda/ogə̑da šapalge-joškarge |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargat | ogə̑t šapalge-joškarge |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑šə̑m | šə̑m šapalge-joškarge |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ šapalge-joškarge |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑š | ə̑š šapalge-joškarge |
| 1PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑šna | ə̑šna šapalge-joškarge |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑šda | ə̑šda šapalge-joškarge |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑št | ə̑št šapalge-joškarge |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapalge-joškargenam | šapalge-joškargen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškargenat | šapalge-joškargen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškargen | šapalge-joškargen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | šapalge-joškargenna | šapalge-joškargen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargenda | šapalge-joškargen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargenə̑t | šapalge-joškargen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapalge-joškargem ə̑l'e | om šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškarget ə̑l'e | ot šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškarga ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šapalge-joškargena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapalge-joškargem ulmaš | om šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškarget ulmaš | ot šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškarga ulmaš | ok/ogeš šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
| 1PL: | šapalge-joškargena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargat ulmaš | ogə̑t šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapalge-joškargenam ə̑l'e | šapalge-joškargen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškargenat ə̑l'e | šapalge-joškargen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškargen ə̑l'e | šapalge-joškargen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šapalge-joškargenna ə̑l'e | šapalge-joškargen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargenda ə̑l'e | šapalge-joškargen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargen ə̑l'e | šapalge-joškargen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapalge-joškargenam ulmaš | šapalge-joškargen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškargenat ulmaš | šapalge-joškargen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškargen ulmaš | šapalge-joškargen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | šapalge-joškargenna ulmaš | šapalge-joškargen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargenda ulmaš | šapalge-joškargen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargen ulmaš | šapalge-joškargen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškarge | it šapalge-joškarge |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑že | ə̑nže šapalge-joškarge |
| 1PL: | (šapalge-joškargena) | (ona/ogə̑na šapalge-joškarge) |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑za | ida šapalge-joškarge |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑št | ə̑nə̑št šapalge-joškarge |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑nem | ə̑nem šapalge-joškarge |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑net | ə̑net šapalge-joškarge |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑neže | ə̑než šapalge-joškarge |
| 1PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑nena | ə̑nena šapalge-joškarge |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑neda | ə̑neda šapalge-joškarge |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑nešt | ə̑nešt šapalge-joškarge |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt šapalge-joškarge ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šapalge-joškargə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šapalge-joškargə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt šapalge-joškarge ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | šapalge-joškargaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | šapalge-joškargə̑man |
| Active participle: | šapalge-joškargə̑še |
| Passive participle: | šapalge-joškargə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | šapalge-joškargə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | šapalge-joškargə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | šapalge-joškargen |
| Negative gerund: | šapalge-joškargə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | šapalge-joškargə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | šapalge-joškargə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | šapalge-joškargə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | šapalge-joškargə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | šapalge-joškargə̑də̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||