Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | šapkagolam | om šapkagol |
| 2SG: | šapkagolat | ot šapkagol |
| 3SG: | šapkagoleš | ok/ogeš šapkagol |
| 1PL: | šapkagolə̑na | ona/ogə̑na šapkagol |
| 2PL: | šapkagolə̑da | oda/ogə̑da šapkagol |
| 3PL: | šapkagolə̑t | ogə̑t šapkagol |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | šapkagol'ə̑m | šə̑m šapkagol |
| 2SG: | šapkagol'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ šapkagol |
| 3SG: | šapkagol'o | ə̑š šapkagol |
| 1PL: | šapkagolna | ə̑šna šapkagol |
| 2PL: | šapkagolda | ə̑šda šapkagol |
| 3PL: | šapkagol'ə̑č́ | ə̑št šapkagol |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | šapkagolə̑nam | šapkagolə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | šapkagolə̑nat | šapkagolə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | šapkagolə̑n | šapkagolə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | šapkagolə̑nna | šapkagolə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | šapkagolə̑nda | šapkagolə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | šapkagolə̑nə̑t | šapkagolə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | šapkagolam ə̑l'e | om šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šapkagolat ə̑l'e | ot šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šapkagoleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šapkagolə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šapkagolə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šapkagolə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t šapkagol ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | šapkagolam ulmaš | om šapkagol ulmaš |
| 2SG: | šapkagolat ulmaš | ot šapkagol ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šapkagoleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš šapkagol ulmaš |
| 1PL: | šapkagolə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na šapkagol ulmaš |
| 2PL: | šapkagolə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da šapkagol ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šapkagolə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t šapkagol ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | šapkagolə̑nam ə̑l'e | šapkagolə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šapkagolə̑nat ə̑l'e | šapkagolə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šapkagolə̑n ə̑l'e | šapkagolə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šapkagolə̑nna ə̑l'e | šapkagolə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šapkagolə̑nda ə̑l'e | šapkagolə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šapkagolə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | šapkagolə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | šapkagolə̑nam ulmaš | šapkagolə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | šapkagolə̑nat ulmaš | šapkagolə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šapkagolə̑n ulmaš | šapkagolə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | šapkagolə̑nna ulmaš | šapkagolə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | šapkagolə̑nda ulmaš | šapkagolə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šapkagolə̑nə̑t ulmaš | šapkagolə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | šapkagol | it šapkagol |
| 3SG: | šapkagolžo | ə̑nže šapkagol |
| 1PL: | (šapkagolə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na šapkagol) |
| 2PL: | šapkagolza | ida šapkagol |
| 3PL: | šapkagolə̑št | ə̑nə̑št šapkagol |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | šapkagolnem | ə̑nem šapkagol |
| 2SG: | šapkagolnet | ə̑net šapkagol |
| 3SG: | šapkagolneže | ə̑než šapkagol |
| 1PL: | šapkagolnena | ə̑nena šapkagol |
| 2PL: | šapkagolneda | ə̑neda šapkagol |
| 3PL: | šapkagolnešt | ə̑nešt šapkagol |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | šapkagolnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | šapkagolnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | šapkagolneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | šapkagolnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | šapkagolneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda šapkagol ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | šapkagolnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt šapkagol ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | šapkagolnet ulmaš | ə̑net šapkagol ulmaš |
| 3SG: | šapkagolneže ulmaš | ə̑než šapkagol ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | šapkagolneda ulmaš | ə̑neda šapkagol ulmaš |
| 3PL: | šapkagolnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt šapkagol ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | šapkagolaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | šapkagolman |
| Active participle: | šapkagolšo |
| Passive participle: | šapkagolmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | šapkagolšaš |
| Negative participle: | šapkagoldə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | šapkagolə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | šapkagolde |
| Gerund of prior action: | šapkagolmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | šapkagolmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | šapkagolšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | šapkagolmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | šapkagoldə̑maš |
