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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βelkalam | om βelkal |
| 2SG: | βelkalat | ot βelkal |
| 3SG: | βelkaleš | ok/ogeš βelkal |
| 1PL: | βelkalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na βelkal |
| 2PL: | βelkalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da βelkal |
| 3PL: | βelkalə̑t | ogə̑t βelkal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βelkal'ə̑m | šə̑m βelkal |
| 2SG: | βelkal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ βelkal |
| 3SG: | βelkal'e | ə̑š βelkal |
| 1PL: | βelkalna | ə̑šna βelkal |
| 2PL: | βelkalda | ə̑šda βelkal |
| 3PL: | βelkal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št βelkal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βelkalə̑nam | βelkalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | βelkalə̑nat | βelkalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | βelkalə̑n | βelkalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | βelkalə̑nna | βelkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | βelkalə̑nda | βelkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | βelkalə̑nə̑t | βelkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βelkalam ə̑l'e | om βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βelkalat ə̑l'e | ot βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βelkaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βelkalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βelkalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βelkalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t βelkal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βelkalam ulmaš | om βelkal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βelkalat ulmaš | ot βelkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βelkaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš βelkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βelkalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na βelkal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βelkalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da βelkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βelkalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t βelkal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βelkalə̑nam ə̑l'e | βelkalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βelkalə̑nat ə̑l'e | βelkalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βelkalə̑n ə̑l'e | βelkalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βelkalə̑nna ə̑l'e | βelkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βelkalə̑nda ə̑l'e | βelkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βelkalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | βelkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βelkalə̑nam ulmaš | βelkalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βelkalə̑nat ulmaš | βelkalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βelkalə̑n ulmaš | βelkalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βelkalə̑nna ulmaš | βelkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βelkalə̑nda ulmaš | βelkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βelkalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | βelkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βelkal | it βelkal |
| 3SG: | βelkalže | ə̑nže βelkal |
| 1PL: | (βelkalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na βelkal) |
| 2PL: | βelkalza | ida βelkal |
| 3PL: | βelkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št βelkal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βelkalnem | ə̑nem βelkal |
| 2SG: | βelkalnet | ə̑net βelkal |
| 3SG: | βelkalneže | ə̑než βelkal |
| 1PL: | βelkalnena | ə̑nena βelkal |
| 2PL: | βelkalneda | ə̑neda βelkal |
| 3PL: | βelkalnešt | ə̑nešt βelkal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βelkalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βelkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βelkalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βelkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βelkalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda βelkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βelkalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt βelkal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βelkalnet ulmaš | ə̑net βelkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βelkalneže ulmaš | ə̑než βelkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βelkalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda βelkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βelkalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt βelkal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βelkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βelkalman |
| Active participle: | βelkalše |
| Passive participle: | βelkalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βelkalšaš |
| Negative participle: | βelkaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βelkalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | βelkalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βelkalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βelkalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βelkalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | βelkalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | βelkaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||