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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βotaŋdam | om βotaŋd |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdat | ot βotaŋd |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdeš | ok/ogeš βotaŋd |
| 1PL: | βotaŋdə̑na | ona/ogə̑na βotaŋd |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdə̑da | oda/ogə̑da βotaŋd |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdə̑t | ogə̑t βotaŋd |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βotaŋdə̑m | šə̑m βotaŋd |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdə̑č́ | šə̑č́ βotaŋd |
| 3SG: | βotaŋde | ə̑š βotaŋd |
| 1PL: | βotaŋdna | ə̑šna βotaŋd |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdda | ə̑šda βotaŋd |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdə̑č́ | ə̑št βotaŋd |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βotaŋdə̑nam | βotaŋdə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdə̑nat | βotaŋdə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdə̑n | βotaŋdə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | βotaŋdə̑nna | βotaŋdə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdə̑nda | βotaŋdə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdə̑nə̑t | βotaŋdə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βotaŋdam ə̑l'e | om βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdat ə̑l'e | ot βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βotaŋdə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βotaŋdam ulmaš | om βotaŋd ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdat ulmaš | ot βotaŋd ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš βotaŋd ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βotaŋdə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na βotaŋd ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da βotaŋd ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t βotaŋd ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βotaŋdə̑nam ə̑l'e | βotaŋdə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdə̑nat ə̑l'e | βotaŋdə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdə̑n ə̑l'e | βotaŋdə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βotaŋdə̑nna ə̑l'e | βotaŋdə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdə̑nda ə̑l'e | βotaŋdə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | βotaŋdə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βotaŋdə̑nam ulmaš | βotaŋdə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdə̑nat ulmaš | βotaŋdə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdə̑n ulmaš | βotaŋdə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βotaŋdə̑nna ulmaš | βotaŋdə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdə̑nda ulmaš | βotaŋdə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdə̑nə̑t ulmaš | βotaŋdə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βotaŋd | it βotaŋd |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdše | ə̑nže βotaŋd |
| 1PL: | (βotaŋdə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na βotaŋd) |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdsa | ida βotaŋd |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdə̑št | ə̑nə̑št βotaŋd |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βotaŋdnem | ə̑nem βotaŋd |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdnet | ə̑net βotaŋd |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdneže | ə̑než βotaŋd |
| 1PL: | βotaŋdnena | ə̑nena βotaŋd |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdneda | ə̑neda βotaŋd |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdnešt | ə̑nešt βotaŋd |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βotaŋdnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βotaŋdnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt βotaŋd ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βotaŋdnet ulmaš | ə̑net βotaŋd ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βotaŋdneže ulmaš | ə̑než βotaŋd ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βotaŋdneda ulmaš | ə̑neda βotaŋd ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βotaŋdnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt βotaŋd ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βotaŋdaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βotaŋdman |
| Active participle: | βotaŋdše |
| Passive participle: | βotaŋdme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βotaŋdšaš |
| Negative participle: | βotaŋddə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βotaŋdə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | βotaŋdde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βotaŋdmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βotaŋdmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βotaŋdšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | βotaŋdmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | βotaŋddə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||