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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βutkam | om βutk |
| 2SG: | βutkat | ot βutk |
| 3SG: | βutkeš | ok/ogeš βutk |
| 1PL: | βutkə̑na | ona/ogə̑na βutk |
| 2PL: | βutkə̑da | oda/ogə̑da βutk |
| 3PL: | βutkə̑t | ogə̑t βutk |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βutkə̑m | šə̑m βutk |
| 2SG: | βutkə̑č́ | šə̑č́ βutk |
| 3SG: | βutko | ə̑š βutk |
| 1PL: | βutkna | ə̑šna βutk |
| 2PL: | βutkda | ə̑šda βutk |
| 3PL: | βutkə̑č́ | ə̑št βutk |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βutkə̑nam | βutkə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | βutkə̑nat | βutkə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | βutkə̑n | βutkə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | βutkə̑nna | βutkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | βutkə̑nda | βutkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | βutkə̑nə̑t | βutkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βutkam ə̑l'e | om βutk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βutkat ə̑l'e | ot βutk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βutkeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš βutk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βutkə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na βutk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βutkə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da βutk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βutkə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t βutk ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βutkam ulmaš | om βutk ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βutkat ulmaš | ot βutk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βutkeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš βutk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βutkə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na βutk ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βutkə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da βutk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βutkə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t βutk ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βutkə̑nam ə̑l'e | βutkə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βutkə̑nat ə̑l'e | βutkə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βutkə̑n ə̑l'e | βutkə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βutkə̑nna ə̑l'e | βutkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βutkə̑nda ə̑l'e | βutkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βutkə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | βutkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βutkə̑nam ulmaš | βutkə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βutkə̑nat ulmaš | βutkə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βutkə̑n ulmaš | βutkə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βutkə̑nna ulmaš | βutkə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βutkə̑nda ulmaš | βutkə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βutkə̑nə̑t ulmaš | βutkə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βutk | it βutk |
| 3SG: | βutkšo | ə̑nže βutk |
| 1PL: | (βutkə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na βutk) |
| 2PL: | βutksa | ida βutk |
| 3PL: | βutkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št βutk |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βutknem | ə̑nem βutk |
| 2SG: | βutknet | ə̑net βutk |
| 3SG: | βutkneže | ə̑než βutk |
| 1PL: | βutknena | ə̑nena βutk |
| 2PL: | βutkneda | ə̑neda βutk |
| 3PL: | βutknešt | ə̑nešt βutk |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βutknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem βutk ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βutknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net βutk ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βutkneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než βutk ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βutknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena βutk ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βutkneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda βutk ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βutknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt βutk ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βutknet ulmaš | ə̑net βutk ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βutkneže ulmaš | ə̑než βutk ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βutkneda ulmaš | ə̑neda βutk ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βutknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt βutk ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βutkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βutkman |
| Active participle: | βutkšo |
| Passive participle: | βutkmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βutkšaš |
| Negative participle: | βutkdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βutkə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | βutkde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βutkmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βutkmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βutkšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | βutkmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | βutkdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||