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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ješarkalam | om ješarkal |
| 2SG: | ješarkalat | ot ješarkal |
| 3SG: | ješarkaleš | ok/ogeš ješarkal |
| 1PL: | ješarkalə̑na | ona/ogə̑na ješarkal |
| 2PL: | ješarkalə̑da | oda/ogə̑da ješarkal |
| 3PL: | ješarkalə̑t | ogə̑t ješarkal |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ješarkal'ə̑m | šə̑m ješarkal |
| 2SG: | ješarkal'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ ješarkal |
| 3SG: | ješarkal'e | ə̑š ješarkal |
| 1PL: | ješarkalna | ə̑šna ješarkal |
| 2PL: | ješarkalda | ə̑šda ješarkal |
| 3PL: | ješarkal'ə̑č́ | ə̑št ješarkal |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ješarkalə̑nam | ješarkalə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | ješarkalə̑nat | ješarkalə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | ješarkalə̑n | ješarkalə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | ješarkalə̑nna | ješarkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | ješarkalə̑nda | ješarkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | ješarkalə̑nə̑t | ješarkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ješarkalam ə̑l'e | om ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ješarkalat ə̑l'e | ot ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ješarkaleš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ješarkalə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ješarkalə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ješarkalə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t ješarkal ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ješarkalam ulmaš | om ješarkal ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ješarkalat ulmaš | ot ješarkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ješarkaleš ulmaš | ok/ogeš ješarkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ješarkalə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na ješarkal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ješarkalə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da ješarkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ješarkalə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t ješarkal ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ješarkalə̑nam ə̑l'e | ješarkalə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ješarkalə̑nat ə̑l'e | ješarkalə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ješarkalə̑n ə̑l'e | ješarkalə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ješarkalə̑nna ə̑l'e | ješarkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ješarkalə̑nda ə̑l'e | ješarkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ješarkalə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | ješarkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ješarkalə̑nam ulmaš | ješarkalə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ješarkalə̑nat ulmaš | ješarkalə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ješarkalə̑n ulmaš | ješarkalə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ješarkalə̑nna ulmaš | ješarkalə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ješarkalə̑nda ulmaš | ješarkalə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ješarkalə̑nə̑t ulmaš | ješarkalə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ješarkal | it ješarkal |
| 3SG: | ješarkalže | ə̑nže ješarkal |
| 1PL: | (ješarkalə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na ješarkal) |
| 2PL: | ješarkalza | ida ješarkal |
| 3PL: | ješarkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št ješarkal |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ješarkalnem | ə̑nem ješarkal |
| 2SG: | ješarkalnet | ə̑net ješarkal |
| 3SG: | ješarkalneže | ə̑než ješarkal |
| 1PL: | ješarkalnena | ə̑nena ješarkal |
| 2PL: | ješarkalneda | ə̑neda ješarkal |
| 3PL: | ješarkalnešt | ə̑nešt ješarkal |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ješarkalnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ješarkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ješarkalneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ješarkalnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ješarkalneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda ješarkal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ješarkalnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt ješarkal ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ješarkalnet ulmaš | ə̑net ješarkal ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ješarkalneže ulmaš | ə̑než ješarkal ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ješarkalneda ulmaš | ə̑neda ješarkal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ješarkalnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt ješarkal ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ješarkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ješarkalman |
| Active participle: | ješarkalše |
| Passive participle: | ješarkalme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ješarkalšaš |
| Negative participle: | ješarkaldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ješarkalə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | ješarkalde |
| Gerund of prior action: | ješarkalmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ješarkalmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ješarkalšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | ješarkalmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | ješarkaldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||