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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am) |
| Genitive: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)ən |
| Dative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)lan |
| Accusative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)əm |
| Comparative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)la |
| Comitative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)ge |
| Inessive: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)əʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)əʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem |
| 2SG: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jet |
| 3SG: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)ʒe |
| 1PL: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)na |
| 2PL: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)da |
| 3PL: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)əʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlak |
| Plural (2): | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)la |
| Sociative Plural: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)mət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlak | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakem, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlak |
| Genitive: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jemən | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakən | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakemən, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakən |
| Dative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jemlan, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)lanem | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlaklan | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakemlan, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jeməm | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəm | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakeməm, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jemla, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)lam | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakla | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakemla, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jemge | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakge | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakemge, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)əʃtem | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃte | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃtem, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)əʃkem | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃ(ke) | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃkem, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jeʃem | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃ | joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃem, joʃkənaŋaʃ (-am)jem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||