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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgaltaram | om joŋgaltar |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarat | ot joŋgaltar |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltareš | ok/ogeš joŋgaltar |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltarə̑na | ona/ogə̑na joŋgaltar |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarə̑da | oda/ogə̑da joŋgaltar |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarə̑t | ogə̑t joŋgaltar |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgaltarə̑m | šə̑m joŋgaltar |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarə̑č́ | šə̑č́ joŋgaltar |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltare | ə̑š joŋgaltar |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltarna | ə̑šna joŋgaltar |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarda | ə̑šda joŋgaltar |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarə̑č́ | ə̑št joŋgaltar |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgaltarə̑nam | joŋgaltarə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarə̑nat | joŋgaltarə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltarə̑n | joŋgaltarə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltarə̑nna | joŋgaltarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarə̑nda | joŋgaltarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarə̑nə̑t | joŋgaltarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgaltaram ə̑l'e | om joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarat ə̑l'e | ot joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltareš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltarə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgaltaram ulmaš | om joŋgaltar ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarat ulmaš | ot joŋgaltar ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltareš ulmaš | ok/ogeš joŋgaltar ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltarə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na joŋgaltar ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da joŋgaltar ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t joŋgaltar ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgaltarə̑nam ə̑l'e | joŋgaltarə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarə̑nat ə̑l'e | joŋgaltarə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltarə̑n ə̑l'e | joŋgaltarə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltarə̑nna ə̑l'e | joŋgaltarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarə̑nda ə̑l'e | joŋgaltarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | joŋgaltarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgaltarə̑nam ulmaš | joŋgaltarə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarə̑nat ulmaš | joŋgaltarə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltarə̑n ulmaš | joŋgaltarə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltarə̑nna ulmaš | joŋgaltarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarə̑nda ulmaš | joŋgaltarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarə̑nə̑t ulmaš | joŋgaltarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltar | it joŋgaltar |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltarže | ə̑nže joŋgaltar |
| 1PL: | (joŋgaltarə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na joŋgaltar) |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarza | ida joŋgaltar |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarə̑št | ə̑nə̑št joŋgaltar |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgaltarnem | ə̑nem joŋgaltar |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarnet | ə̑net joŋgaltar |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltarneže | ə̑než joŋgaltar |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltarnena | ə̑nena joŋgaltar |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarneda | ə̑neda joŋgaltar |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarnešt | ə̑nešt joŋgaltar |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgaltarnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltarneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joŋgaltarnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt joŋgaltar ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joŋgaltarnet ulmaš | ə̑net joŋgaltar ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joŋgaltarneže ulmaš | ə̑než joŋgaltar ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | joŋgaltarneda ulmaš | ə̑neda joŋgaltar ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joŋgaltarnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt joŋgaltar ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | joŋgaltaraš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | joŋgaltarman |
| Active participle: | joŋgaltarše |
| Passive participle: | joŋgaltarme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | joŋgaltaršaš |
| Negative participle: | joŋgaltardə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | joŋgaltarə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | joŋgaltarde |
| Gerund of prior action: | joŋgaltarmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | joŋgaltarmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | joŋgaltaršə̑la |
| Nominalization: | joŋgaltarmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | joŋgaltardə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||