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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgam | om joŋg |
| 2SG: | joŋgat | ot joŋg |
| 3SG: | joŋgeš | ok/ogeš joŋg |
| 1PL: | joŋgə̑na | ona/ogə̑na joŋg |
| 2PL: | joŋgə̑da | oda/ogə̑da joŋg |
| 3PL: | joŋgə̑t | ogə̑t joŋg |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgə̑m | šə̑m joŋg |
| 2SG: | joŋgə̑č́ | šə̑č́ joŋg |
| 3SG: | joŋgo | ə̑š joŋg |
| 1PL: | joŋgna | ə̑šna joŋg |
| 2PL: | joŋgda | ə̑šda joŋg |
| 3PL: | joŋgə̑č́ | ə̑št joŋg |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgə̑nam | joŋgə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | joŋgə̑nat | joŋgə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | joŋgə̑n | joŋgə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | joŋgə̑nna | joŋgə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | joŋgə̑nda | joŋgə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | joŋgə̑nə̑t | joŋgə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgam ə̑l'e | om joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joŋgat ə̑l'e | ot joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joŋgeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joŋgə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joŋgə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joŋgə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t joŋg ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgam ulmaš | om joŋg ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joŋgat ulmaš | ot joŋg ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joŋgeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš joŋg ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joŋgə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na joŋg ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joŋgə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da joŋg ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joŋgə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t joŋg ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgə̑nam ə̑l'e | joŋgə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joŋgə̑nat ə̑l'e | joŋgə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joŋgə̑n ə̑l'e | joŋgə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joŋgə̑nna ə̑l'e | joŋgə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joŋgə̑nda ə̑l'e | joŋgə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joŋgə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | joŋgə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgə̑nam ulmaš | joŋgə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joŋgə̑nat ulmaš | joŋgə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joŋgə̑n ulmaš | joŋgə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joŋgə̑nna ulmaš | joŋgə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joŋgə̑nda ulmaš | joŋgə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joŋgə̑nə̑t ulmaš | joŋgə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joŋg | it joŋg |
| 3SG: | joŋgšo | ə̑nže joŋg |
| 1PL: | (joŋgə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na joŋg) |
| 2PL: | joŋgsa | ida joŋg |
| 3PL: | joŋgə̑št | ə̑nə̑št joŋg |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgnem | ə̑nem joŋg |
| 2SG: | joŋgnet | ə̑net joŋg |
| 3SG: | joŋgneže | ə̑než joŋg |
| 1PL: | joŋgnena | ə̑nena joŋg |
| 2PL: | joŋgneda | ə̑neda joŋg |
| 3PL: | joŋgnešt | ə̑nešt joŋg |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joŋgnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joŋgnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joŋgneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joŋgnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joŋgneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda joŋg ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joŋgnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt joŋg ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joŋgnet ulmaš | ə̑net joŋg ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joŋgneže ulmaš | ə̑než joŋg ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | joŋgneda ulmaš | ə̑neda joŋg ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joŋgnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt joŋg ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | joŋgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | joŋgman |
| Active participle: | joŋgšo |
| Passive participle: | joŋgmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | joŋgšaš |
| Negative participle: | joŋgdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | joŋgə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | joŋgde |
| Gerund of prior action: | joŋgmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | joŋgmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | joŋgšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | joŋgmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | joŋgdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||