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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am) |
Genitive: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)ən |
Dative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)lan |
Accusative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)əm |
Comparative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)la |
Comitative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)ge |
Inessive: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)əʃte |
Illative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)əʃ(ke) |
Lative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jeʃ |
1SG: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem |
2SG: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jet |
3SG: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)ʒe |
1PL: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)na |
2PL: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)da |
3PL: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)əʃt |
Plural (1): | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlak |
Plural (2): | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)la |
Sociative Plural: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)mət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlak | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakem, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem-βlak |
Genitive: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jemən | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakən | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakemən, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem-βlakən |
Dative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jemlan, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)lanem | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlaklan | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakemlan, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jeməm | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakəm | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakeməm, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jemla, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)lam | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakla | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakemla, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem-βlakla |
Comitative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jemge | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakge | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakemge, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem-βlakge |
Inessive: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)əʃtem | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃte | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃtem, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)əʃkem | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃ(ke) | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakəʃkem, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jeʃem | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃ | joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)-βlakeʃem, joŋgeʃtaʃ (-am)jem-βlakeʃ |
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